Anthodiscus

Abstract: The Caryocaraceae family is constituted of 25 species distributed in two genera (Caryocar and Anthodiscus). Plants of this family have been used in several phytochemical studies for isolation and characterization of chemical compounds. Some of these studies evaluated in vitro and in vivo biological activities of extracts and pure substances isolated from plants of this family. Nine species of Anthodiscus genus have been described, while no phytochemical study related to them has been reported. On the other hand, Caryocar genus presents 16 species with several medicinal uses like for the treatment of colds and bronchitis, in the prevention of tumours, as a regulating agent of the menstrual flow, to treat ophthalmological problems and for the cure of hematomas and bruises. Some species of this genus were targeted by phytochemical studies and presented, in their composition, the following classes of secondary metabolites: triterpenes, fatty acids, tannins, carotenoids, triterpenic saponins, phenolic coumarins, phenolic glycosides, and others. The fruits of Caryocar species are very nutritive, containing in their composition fibers, proteins, carbohydrates and minerals. Seeds have been widely used as oil source with nutritional and cosmetic value. The biological evaluation of some species was carried out by using relevant biological assays such as: antioxidant, allelopathic and antifungal activities against Biomphalaria glabrata and toxicity on Artemia salina.

Abstract: Caryocaraceae, a family of plants widely distributed throughout the Neotropic region, includes two woody genera: Anthodiscus and Caryocar - with 26 species. The family includes species with medical, timber, food, ecological, and cultural importance. Here we aim to unveil the current state of scientific knowledge of Caryocaraceae through a systematic review and a scientometric approach, also to trace bibliographic indicators of scientific knowledge production. Therefore, 386 studies were retrieved from the ISI Web of Science and Scopus. Our research includes de time interval from 1938 until 2019 and synthesizes information on the topics: i) Anatomy and morphology; ii) Distribution and habitat; iii) Ecology; iv) Genetics; v) Physical and biochemical characterization; vi) Farming and industry, and vii) Culture and traditional knowledge. Our findings indicate that Caryocar biology is well explored, but this is not the scenario for Anthodiscus that showed a lack of biological information, the reason we suggest efforts application to better understand this genus potential.

Abstract: Five species from Amazonia are described as new and illustrated:Sagittaria purusana Prance (Alismataceae),Coimarus wurdackii Prance (Connaraceae),Anthodiscus klugii Standley ex Prance (Caryocaraceae), andAnacampta pendula Markgraf andAmbelania longiloba Markgraf, the latter two members of the Apocynaceae

Abstract: The first record ofAnthodiscus from the rain forest of Pacific coastal Colombia is the new speciesA. chocoensis which is described here. The distribution of the genus is discussed in relation to its recent discovery in both the Choco and the coastal forests of eastern Brazil.