Topic
Anomaloscope
About: Anomaloscope is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 299 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4342 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 2
Papers
TL;DR: The relationship between color discrimination, sex, and age is studied by giving the 100-Hue Test and some 500 eyes affected by different diseases are examined by means of a diagnostic set.
Abstract: First, the relationship between color discrimination, sex, and age is studied by giving the 100-Hue Test to 480 unselected subjects between the ages of 10 and 64. The mean total score of the 20–24-yr group is significantly lower than that of all other groups; the mean partial scores are always highest in the blue–green and red sections of the test and this tendency is accentuated in the age groups with a higher mean total score.Second, a reproduction of the senile decrease of color discrimination is attempted by fitting young subjects with filters, which absorb more or less selectively the rays of shorter wavelengths and which have several total optical densities; the effect of these filters is studied by means of the AO H-R-R and Farnsworth pseudoisochromatic plates, the Panel D-15, the 100-Hue, the Tritan-Plate Tests, and the anomaloscope.Third, some 500 eyes affected by different diseases are examined by means of a diagnostic set including the Ishihara, AO H-R-R, and Farnsworth pseudoisochromatic plates, the Panel D-15 Test, the 100-Hue Test (the interpretation of which was subjected to some modifications), and the anomaloscope. Occasionally a complementary set is used in order to get further information about the photopic spectral curve of relative luminous efficiency and about the spectral mixture functions. Accordingly, the acquired deficiencies of color discrimination are classified into four types: (1) a type in which a prominent axis of deterioration of color discrimination cannot be determined—This type is ill defined and principally occurs in some cases of macular cysts and of toxic amblyopia; (2) a Type I of acquired red–green deficiency, which is characterized by a progressive shift of the photopic spectral curve of relative luminous efficiency towards the shorter wavelengths, till it becomes identical to the normal scotopic function—It occurs chiefly in juvenile macular degeneration and in some other chorio-retinal degenerations; (3) a Type II of acquired red–green deficiency, in which the photopic spectral curve of relative luminous efficiency remains normal—It occurs in nearly all diseases of the optic pathways; (4) an acquired blue–yellow deficiency, which can be associated with a shift of the photopic spectral curve of relative luminous efficiency towards the shorter wavelengths and which occurs in most chorio-retinal diseases.Nevertheless, the acquired deficiencies of color discrimination are only seldom as well outlined as the congenital ones.
351 citations
TL;DR: A five-year follow-up of eyes with elevated intraocular pressures, but without field defects, in which the color vision had been assessed by the 100-Hue test and an anomaloscope was carried out, found differences that are statistically significant.
Abstract: • A five-year follow-up of eyes with elevated intraocular pressures, but without field defects, in which the color vision had been assessed by the 100-Hue test and an anomaloscope was carried out. Field defects developed in eight of 42 eyes with a low 100-Hue score, whereas field defects developed in ten of 13 eyes with a high abnormality in the 100-Hue test score. In the case of the anomaloscope (Pickford Nicholson) scores, field defects developed in four of five eyes with poor yellow-blue scores, whereas similar field defects developed in only nine of 40 eyes with a normal yellow-blue score. With regard to blue-green scores, field defects developed in six of 11 eyes with a poor blue-green score, whereas field defects developed in only seven of 40 eyes with a normal blue-green score. These differences are statistically significant, and the probabilities of an abnormal color vision that results in subsequent field defects have been worked out. The red-green scores were not predictive.
177 citations
TL;DR: This study is a validation trial of the new HRR pseudoisochromatic test for colour vision using a larger sample and different criteria of evaluation from those of the previously reported validation study.
Abstract: Aim: The Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR) pseudoisochromatic test for colour vision is highly regarded but has long been out of print. Richmond Products produced a new edition in 2002 that has been re-engineered to rectify shortcomings of the original test. This study is a validation trial of the new test using a larger sample and different criteria of evaluation from those of the previously reported validation study.
Methods: The Richmond HRR test was given to 100 consecutively presenting patients with abnormal colour vision and 50 patients with normal colour vision. Colour vision was diagnosed using the Ishihara test, the Farnsworth D15 test, the Medmont C-100 test and the Type 1 Nagel anomaloscope.
Results: The Richmond HRR test has a sensitivity of 1.00 and a specificity of 0.975 when the criterion for failing is two or more errors with the screening plates. Sensitivity and specificity become 0.98 and 1.0, respectively, when the fail criterion is three or more errors. Those with red-green colour vision deficiency were correctly classified as protan or deutan on 86 per cent of occasions, with 11 per cent unclassified and three per cent incorrectly classified. All those graded as having a ‘mild’ defect by the Richmond HRR test passed the Farnsworth D15 test and had an anomaloscope range of 30 or less. Not all dichromats were classified as ‘strong’, which was one of the goals of the re-engineering and those graded as ‘medium’ and ‘strong’ included dichromats and those who have a mild colour vision deficiency based on the results of the Farnsworth D15 test and the anomaloscope range.
Conclusions: The test is as good as the Ishihara test for detection of the red-green colour vision deficiencies but unlike the Ishihara, also has plates for the detection of the tritan defects. Its classification of protans and deutans is useful but the Medmont C-100 test is better. Those graded as ‘mild’ by the Richmond HRR test can be regarded as having a mild colour vision defect but a ‘medium’ or ‘strong’ grading needs to be interpreted in conjunction with other tests such as the Farnsworth D15 and the anomaloscope. The Richmond HRR test could be the test of choice for clinicians who wish to use a single test for colour vision.
127 citations
TL;DR: Many carriers of anomalous trichromacy exhibited no evidence for tetrachromacy, in that they accepted large-field Rayleigh matches following a rod bleach and they were unable to set unique matches in the ratio-matching task.
111 citations
TL;DR: The CCT provides a rapid (6 minutes), clinically expedient, measure of color vision for quantifying normal color performance, diagnosing type and severity of hereditary deficiency, and detection of acquired sensitivity loss due to ocular, neurologic, and/or systemic disease, as well as injury and physiological stressors, such as altitude and fatigue.
Abstract: Purpose: To describe the design, specificity, and sensitivity of the cone contrast test (CCT), a computer-based cone specific (L, M, S) contrast sensitivity test for diagnosing type and severity of color vision deficiency (CVD). Methods: The CCT presents a randomized series of colored letters visible only to L, M or S cones in decreasing steps of cone contrast to determine L, M and S letter recognition thresholds. Sensitivity and specificity were determined by retrospective comparison of CCT scores to anomaloscope and pseudo-isochromatic plate (PIP) results in 1,446 applicants for pilot training. Results: CVD was detected in 49 of 1,446 applicants (3.4%) with hereditary red-green (protan or deutan) CVD detected in 47 of 1,359 males (3.5%) and blue-yellow (tritan) in 2 of 1,446. In agreement with the anomaloscope the CCT showed 100% sensitivity for detection and categorization of CVD (40 deutan, 7 protan, 2 tritan). PIP testing showed lower sensitivity (80% detected; 20% missed) due in part to applicant prior experience and/or pre-test preparation. CCT specificity for confirming normal color vision was 100% for L and M tests and 99.8% for S cone. Conclusions: The CCT has sensitivity and specificity comparable to anomaloscope testing and exceeds PIP sensitivity in practiced observers. The CCT provides a rapid (6 min), clinically expedient, measure of color vision for quantifying normal color performance, diagnosing type and severity of hereditary deficiency, and for detection of acquired sensitivity loss due to ocular, neurologic and/or systemic disease, as well as injury and physiological stressors such as altitude and fatigue. Language: en
105 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 3 |
| 2020 | 2 |
| 2019 | 1 |
| 2018 | 2 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2016 | 4 |