Abstract: The disclosure herein describes a carrier adapted to receive observation and/or manipulation instruments; the carrier consists of a train of articulated segments whose angular displacement is controlled by a series of magnetic clutches; the leading segment is guided from the carrier's proximal end, and the guide angle is repeated automatically at the articulations of all following segments; a central channel in each segment accepts instruments for observation and manipulation. One advantageous application of the present carrier is its use as an endoscope for inspecting a hollow portion in a living body.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to a tightening system for tightening an assembly including a threaded fastener including a wrench for applying torque and imparting rotation to the fastener. Associated with the wrench is a control system including measuring means for developing a first signal representative of the angular displacement of the fastener. A second signal representative of a constant incremental time is introduced along with the first signal to gradient calculating means which develops a signal representative of the slope or gradient of an angular speed vs. angular displacement curve which could be plotted for the particular assembly being tightened. When the gradient signal falls to a predetermined percentage of a maximum previously stored gradient signal, at the yield point of the assembly or some similarly significant point characterized by a significant change in slope on the angular speed vs. angular displacement curve, a control signal is generated stopping the tightening of the assembly.

Abstract: A combined angular displacement measuring and multiplier system is provided which finds particular application in heading reference units for navigational purposes, but which has general utility, as will become apparent as the description proceeds. The system of the invention includes a bubble tilt or level sensor which measures angular displacements and which, in accordance with the present invention, also serves as a multiplier for a second term, such as azimuth rate (AZ).

Abstract: To compensate the Doppler flow measurement for the angle of the ultrasonic beam relative to the flowing medium, the ultrasonic applicator includes a mechanical electrical angular position sensor for generating a signal as the applicator is shifted from a perpendicular relationship to the flow axis to a desired oblique angular relationship. As a particularly preferred embodiment, a rotary member is held relative to the flow axis as the applicator axis is rotated, placing a strain gauge under a proportional tension to unbalance a bridge circuit. A further development provides a sensor output as a function of the cosine of the angle of interest so that the bridge output is in the form required to compensate the flow measurement signal without a prior trigonometric operation thereon.

Abstract: In a servomechanism in which a cutter is rotated by a servomotor to cut a moving member in a predetermined rotational angular range of the cutter and the servomotor is controlled in accordance with the difference between the number of length measuring pulses generated corresponding to the distance of movement of the moving member and the number of rotation measuring pulses generated corresponding to the rotation of the cutter, a correcting signal is read out of a memory with respect to each rotational angular position of the cutter in the above said predetermined rotational angular range. The correcting signal corresponds to the component of unit rotational distance of the cutter in the direction of travel of the moving member at each rotational angular position of the cutter in its predetermined rotational angular range. By the correcting signal, the difference between the number of the length measuring pulses and that of the rotation measuring pulses is decreased, whereby the distance of movement and moving speed of the moving member and the distance of movement and rotating speed of the cutter in the direction of travel of the moving member are made equal to each other.

Abstract: A variable inductor having a U-shaped magnetic core with a short-circuiting plate providing a short-circuiting ring for both legs of the core movable along the core legs in response to a displacement to be measured is connected in an electronic circuit to generate oscillation of a frequency that is either directly or inversely proportional to the displacement. For the inversely proportional case, the variable inductance component can be combined with an integrator function and connected to an operational amplifier, for generation of the output frequency with a small number of electrical components. The thickness and spacing of the core legs are varied along their length to produce a highly linear inductive transducer characteristic. The core legs are bent in a circle when it is desired to measure an angular displacement.

Abstract: Positioning of a pipe longitudinally and rotationally for each of a number of bends is facilitated by means of a fitting attached to the pipe end and connected with longitudinal and rotational displacement encoders that generate electrical signals. The signals drive a quantitative display of present actual longitudinal and rotational position of the pipe so that no sliding or rotational stops need be employed. One of the encoders is arranged for connection to a fixture which can be used for adjustment of the length of a depth of bend stop rod, employing the same quantitative display.

Abstract: A dual pivoting vane having a miniature dual bead thermistor anemometer at its upstream extremity and with light beam angular position sensors on the pivot axes provides a sensitive velocity vector sensor for measuring both magnitude and direction of low velocity airflow relative to a three-dimensional reference space of the body carrying the velocity vector sensor.

Abstract: The articulated bus has two anti-jackknife locks (A, B) which act separately to limit the angular displacement of the trailer but which allow the trailer to swing back into line, without locking the joint completely. This provides improved steering control especially with the drive unit in the trailer. An optic or mechanical sensor on the trailer monitors the angular displacement and a control compares the displacement with the front wheel lock. If there is a discrepancy between the settings, with a max. limit on the trailer displacement, then the lock operates on the appropriate side of the coupling.

Abstract: The constructional parts have walls formed of elongated juxtaposed tubes, wound spirally about the axis of symmetry of the constructional parts and connected to each other. The tubes are bent to shape by a bending device having at least one bending flank or edge surface conformable to the predetermined 3-dimensional geometry of the part to be manufactured, with one end of each tube being fixed to the bending device and the other end being engaged in a clamping and adjusting device designed as a combined Cardan swivel joint. During bending, the clamping and adjusting device is utilized to continuously control the adjustment parameters of the tube being bent, about three mutually intersecting and perpendicular axes, in conformity with the predetermined three-dimensional geometry of the part, and the radial distance of the swivel joint from the axis of symmetry of the bending device is continuously controlled. A closed-loop control system is provided, and includes an actual-value transmitter, measuring the radial displacement of the swivel joint clamping device relative to the axis of symmetry of the bending device, a reference-value transmitter, having a set point adjusted as a function of the angular displacement between the bending device and the clamping device, and an actuator operating, as a function of the error signal value, to effect radial displacement of the clamping device. The control loop is advantageously designed as an electro-hydraulic system. The control member of the control system may be a cam, or the reference values, which are a function of the angle of rotation, may be determined by means of a digital computer.

Abstract: In a medical radiographic apparatus, of the type in which a fan of radiation and detectors receiving the radiation along pencil beams in the fan are traversed laterally in relation to a slice of the patient's body and orbited about an axis intersecting the slice, an angular step between each lateral scan is usually substantially equal to the angle subtended by the radiation at its source. It is proposed to arrange the angular step to be a multiple of the angle subtended by the fan, thus leaving gaps in the range of angular position taken by beams of the fan. The gaps are filled in the course of an extended orbital motion.

Abstract: The transducer has both coils located on a common axis and there is an eccentric disc (5) which is made of ferro-magnetic material This disc is situated between the coils (1, 2) Pref the disc is circular or its shape depends on a given desired relationship between the variation in the impedance of the coils and the change in angular position of the disc The transducer makes it possible to measure mechanical variables in conjunction with carrier frequency amplifiers The centre of rotation of the disc is midway between the two coils, so that the shape of the disc and its angular position determine the distances 'a' and 'b' between the edges of the disc and the coils

Abstract: Aerial array with direction adjustment system, not in contact with any transmitter or receiver, but acting as a relay from a primary radiator. The directional system has circular polarisation with the facility for adjusting the phase of the incoming wave. It is suitable for side-band application and does not require post adjustment of the phase of the relayed wave. The relay system consists of a group of individual aerials arranged next to each other in rows and under each other in columns. Each of the aerials in the matrix consists of an array suitable for receiving and transmitting with circular polarisation. The system has a common axis of rotation, and the individual elements can be adjusted relative to each other by a given angle. This is used to adjust the phase between the incoming and the relayed wave.

Abstract: A relative mechanical single axis displacement transducer which converts relative displacement into a small digital encoded voltage pulse train uses a sonic magnetostrictive induced pulse principle. The transducer is an improvement on the traditional resistance, capacitance and inductance based displacement transducers in that it produces directly a digitally encoded output. Two sonic transmission units are used, with a magnetostrictive pulse induced in one (A), and the pulses induced in the second (B) used to detect displacement between the two elements. The two elements lie together, separated by a thin insulating rubber film. The number of pulses detected in the second element represent the overlap, and so the relative displacement of the two elements. The device is applied to a thermometer, when the two elements are the conducting liquid and the specially constructed containing tube. Angular displacement can also be measured with the elements in this case arranged round the circumferences of an outer, stationary and inner movable disc.

Abstract: Resolvers are used as angle coders where the angular position of a drive shaft modulates the sine or cosine voltage. Every resolver consists of a coarse and a fine resolver coupled through gears as a tandem measuring system. Demodulators independently evaluate the signals from the coarse and fine resolvers passing them to a store which contains information, obtained by hand, controlled approach to a point in a space, is given by both resolvers and tandem measuring instruments which give the angle position of the drive shaft as a digital theoretical value. A theoretical and actual value comparator compares actual values of angle position of the drive shaft with automatic approach valves.

Abstract: The machine is particularly for machining crankshafts, having a tool slide moving in two coordinates in any angular position in relation to the eccentric crankpin of the shaft, which is centrally secured in a chuck. For complete machining of all crankpins, the shaft is stopped in any desired position, the movements calculated by computer in straight lines and on curves are initiated to machine pins and webs, and movement along the shaft can then be numerically controlled. E electronic devices are provided in the control system, by means of which, during the grooving operation, the desired value for control of the axis, which is changed over on entering the rotary circuit, is shortened by a set amount. They also shorten by a set amount the desired value for control of the axis which is changed over on the next change of quadrants. This does not affect the calculated value for interpolation.

Abstract: PURPOSE:Counter for rotational displacement of rotary part conformed to rotating direction using rotational desplacement signal and rotational angular velocity signal obtained from a sensor with a resolver only mounted to the rotary part of a robot.

Abstract: The locking mechanism can be used in lcoks for different purposes such as padlocks, mortice and motor vehicle door locks The lock mechanism has no play between the guiding bores and lock pins and plungers no matter what their relative positions This arrangement ensures that the key can be withdrawn only when the lock is positively locked and not at any angular position Each plunger (8) is a stepped cylinder whose end with larger diameter faces the cylindrical pin (11) whose diameter is equal to the plunger larger end diameter The axes of all pins and plungers coincide at a certain angular relative position of the housing opening

Abstract: The test image of the axle is projected over a mirror on an image plane near the projector The mirror (16) is mounted on the vehicle (10) body and/or frame and aligned w r t specified points of the body and/or frame Projectors (21, 24) are mounted on the tested axle, and the test image is projected by a mirror (17-22) to an image plate A characteristic for the angular position of the wheel axle quantity is obtained from the deviatio of the projected test image from a mark on the image plane This method is simple enough to be carried out by newcomers to the business

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring angular displacement of an object in which an alternating potential source is applied to the electrodes of a light source, such as a gaseous discharge light, resulting in alternating illuminations in the medium, e.g., gas, about the respective electrodes, which are detected by photodetector means. The light source and the photodetector means are mounted such that the distances between the photodetector and the respective electrodes vary proportionately with any rotation of the object whose angular displacement is being monitored. The output signals from the photodetector means are separated and compared and, in response thereto, a signal is generated indicative of the angular displacement of the object.

Abstract: In a moving-coil electrical instrument the electric coil is rotatably mounted on a spindle for angular displacement about the axis of the spindle. The ends of the spindle are located in respective bearings disposed in apertures of a frame and each bearing has a part that is angularly displaceable about the axis of the spindle between a first angular position in which the part supports the spindle and a second angular position in which that part is removable from the respective aperture. The coil is mounted on a support through which the spindle extends and carries a body to counter-balance the coil. The center of mass of this body is spaced from the plane which includes both the center of mass of the coil and the spindle axis. The support also carries a counterpoise body that is spaced from the counter-balance body about the spindle axis.

Abstract: Torque signals from a metal single crystal in a rotating magnetic field and the corresponding angular position of the rotating magnet, for both directions of rotation, were digitally recorded on magnetic tape at equal time intervals, with a maximum recording frequency of 18.8 data pairs per degree of rotation. The signals included induced, background, and de Haas–van Alphen effect torques. Only the induced torque is an odd function of rotation direction, and enhancement of the induced torque signals is achieved by subtracting the data obtained for one rotation direction from that for the other rotation direction. Computer analysis of recorded data yielded enhancement only if prior correction of each angular reading was performed to take into account the finite compliance of the torque magnetometer. The resulting enhanced rotation diagrams were plotted on a Calcomp plotter. The technique is also useful for continuous recording of anisotropy torque data from weakly magnetic samples, since the induced‐torque...

Abstract: An external equipment provides the aircraft with pitch, roll and jaw axis information and enables a signal to be provided which is a function of altitude, the proximity of a foreign object to the airship and of the angular position on its roll axis. Two or more sensors (C1, D1) measure the electrostatic potential of the atmosphere between them and have a differential amplifier (1) followed by a signal treatment network to provide: (a) discrete electrical pulses at each passage of the aircraft through a predetermined angular position on its roll axis (this position can be the vertical); (b) an armament relay closure signal and a firing relay closure signal in the case of the proximity device, and (c) a d.c. signal proportional to the difference between the aircraft altitude and a predetermined reference altitude.

Abstract: In order to explain physiological function of the vestibulo-ocular system, transfer function (TF)of the oculomotor system was studied in 5 healthy male subjects. For this purpose, the following three tests were pezformed, that is, eye tracking test(ETT) and pendular rotation tests(PRT)in the dark and light were respectively performed in order to examine the opto-oculomotor, vestibulo-oculomotor and optovestibulo-oculomotor system.The target movement and eye movement in the ETT, or the skull's angular displacement and acceleration and the eye movement in the PRT were simultaneously recorded with a polygraph and a data-recorder. From the recordings of the data-recorder, the TF was calculated using a specially designed program with PDP-12 computer, namely, the TF of the oculooculomotor system was calculated with regard to the target movement as input and the eye movement as output. From the record obtained by the PRT in the dark and light, the TF of the vestibulo-oculomotor system and the optovestibulo-oculomotor system were respectively calculated for the skull's angular displacement as input and the eye movement as output. The reason for using the skull's angular displacement as input is that the interrelationship between the head displacement and the eye movement directly indicates the vestibulo-oculomotor function which is to stabilize the retinal image during head movement. The results computed were displayed as a Bode plots(gain and phase diagram)on a cathode ray tube of the PDP-12. The results obtained were as follows.(1) The opto-oculomotor system performs a proportional control in eye tracking to visual object with pendular motion from 0.4 to 1.0 Hz.(2) The vestibulo-oculomotor system performs a derivative control in inducing the eye movement to the skull's displacement This results indicate that the eye movement produced by the vestibulo-oculomotor system is a predictive and supplemental movement which does not coincide with displacement of visual objects. And, it plays an important role in visual fixation during short, rapid head movement.(3) The optovestibulo-oculomotor system performs a proportional control by making the eye movement correspond to the skull's displacement during head movement from o.3 to 1.5Hz.The result indicates the capability of maintaining visual fixation to external objects through the collaboration of the eye and labyrinth. Furthermore, the result shows that the vestibulo-oculomotor system plays an active part in visual fixation during head movement with periodic motion exceeding 1.0Hz.