Abstract: The aim of the present work was to prepare a co-amorphous mixture (COAM) of Nateglinide and Metformin hydrochloride to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly soluble Nateglinide. Nateglinide (120 mg) and Metformin hydrochloride (500 mg) COAM, as a dose ratio, were prepared by ball-milling technique. COAMs were characterized for saturation solubility, amorphism and physicochemical interactions (X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), SEM, in vitro dissolution, and stability studies. Solubility studies revealed a sevenfold rise in solubility of Nateglinide from 0.061 to 0.423 mg/ml in dose ratio of COAM. Solid-state characterization of COAM suggested amorphization of Nateglinide after 6 h of ball milling. XRPD and DSC studies confirmed amorphism in Nateglinide, whereas FTIR elucidated hydrogen interactions (proton exchange between Nateglinide and Metformin hydrochloride). Interestingly, due to low energy of fusion, Nateglinide was completely amorphized and stabilized by Metformin hydrochloride. Consequently, in vitro drug release showed significant increase in dissolution of Nateglinide in COAM, irrespective of dissolution medium. However, little change was observed in the solubility and dissolution profile of Metformin hydrochloride, revealing small change in its crystallinity. Stability data indicated no traces of devitrification in XRPD of stability sample of COAM, and % drug release remained unaffected at accelerated storage conditions. Amorphism of Nateglinide, proton exchange with Metformin hydrochloride, and stabilization of its amorphous form have been noted in ball-milled COAM of Nateglinide-Metformin hydrochloride, revealing enhanced dissolution of Nateglinide. Thus, COAM of Nateglinide-Metformin hydrochloride system is a promising approach for combination therapy in diabetic patients.

Abstract: A new form of WO2Cl2 was obtained by modification of a literature procedure. Both the newly prepared WO2Cl2 and the commercial yellow WO2Cl2 exhibited an orthorhombic structure (powder X-ray diffraction, P-XRD), and their air exposure at room temperature afforded light green and lemon yellow WO3·H2O (orthorhombic phase), respectively. These materials were characterized by P-XRD, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (S-TEM). The analyses revealed the nanocrystalline nature of light green WO3·H2O, and the prevalent amorphism of lemon yellow WO3·H2O. The reactions of grey WO2Cl2 with one and two equivalents of tetramethylurea (tmu), in CH2Cl2 at room temperature, led to the isolation of the trinuclear complex [WO2Cl2(tmu)]3, 1 (45% yield), and the mononuclear one WO2Cl2(tmu)2, 2 (64%), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were fully characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods, single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) and DFT calculations.

Abstract: Experimental data have been obtained and an analysis has been performed of the degree of crystallinity and amorphism and the state of water for cellulose acetate membranes using the methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The degree of crystallinity, as well as the crystallite size, have been determined in the membrane samples before and after water absorption. It has been found that OH groups of cellulose acetate form a nonequilibrium network of hydrogen bonds between molecules and fragments in the amorphous phase of an air-dry semipermeable membrane. It has been shown that water that acts as a plasticizer causes the ordering of the macromolecular amorphous phase, which leads to a transition into the liquid crystal phase with the formation of additional capillary spaces.

Abstract: Disorder engineering on TiO2 nanocrystals (NCs) generates a nanocomposite with core–shell structure, which has been proven to achieve higher photocatalytic activity than the original TiO2 NCs. In this contribution, we engineered disorder layers around hydrothermally synthesized anatase NCs using the method of ultrasonic irradiation, obtaining anatase@amorphous TiO2 core–shell structure nanocomposites. The proportion of two phases (amorphism/anatase) in the nanocomposites was regulated by controlling the average diameter of the anatase NCs and the properties of the nanocomposites would change accordingly. The structure and photocatalytic activity of each sample were carefully compared to find out the appropriate synthesis conditions to obtain the optimal nanocomposite.

Abstract: This invention relates to L-tartaric acid complexes, acid addition salts, base addition salts of the compound named (S)-4-(((R)-6-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-(thiazol-2-yl)-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)methyl) morpholine-3-carboxylic acid or tautomer thereof and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and further relates to use of the compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions in the manufacture of a medicament, especially for use in preventing, managing, treating or lessening a HBV infection. The complex, acid addition salt or base addition salt of the present invention is crystalline form, substantially crystalline form, polymorphism, amorphism, hydrate or solvate.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a toner binder excellent in toner fluidity, a heat-resistant storage property, charge stability, grindability, image intensity and flexural properties while obtaining low temperature fixability, glossiness and hot offset resistance.SOLUTION: The toner binder includes a resin composition (C) obtained by mixing and reacting a molten mixture of an amorphism polyester resin (A) having a glass transition temperature of -35°C or more and less than 45°C and an amorphism polyester resin (B) having a glass transition temperature of 45°C or more and 80°C or less with an extender (D). Following relational expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied. 0.02≤X≤0.08 (1) 0.10≤X/X≤0.90 (2) [where, in the relational expressions, Xrepresents the average crosslinking density of the polyester resin (A) and the polyester resin (B), and Xrepresents the average crosslinking density of the resin composition (C).]SELECTED DRAWING: None

Abstract: The present invention provides a photocatalyst functional film and a manufacturing method for the same. The photocatalyst functional film has a lamination structure of a base layer, a barrier layer, and a photocatalyst layer, wherein the barrier layer is SiO_2 layer and the photocatalyst layer includes: an amorphism TiO_2 layer; and a visible light active photocatalytic particle formed on the surface of the amorphism TiO_2 layer. The manufacturing method for the same includes the steps of: obtaining SiO_2 sol by dehydration and dealcoholization reactions by applying an alcohol solvent and an acid to a silicate precursor; forming a barrier layer by applying the SiO_2 sol onto a base material and drying the same; obtaining a TiO_2 amorphism sol by the dehydration and the dealcoholization reaction by applying the alcohol solvent and the acid to a titanium precursor; and forming a photocatalyst layer by applying a composition in which the visible light active photocatalytic particle is mixed into the TiO_2 amorphism sol, onto the barrier layer and drying the same.