TL;DR: In this article, a new biaryl phosphine with P-bound 3,5-(bis)trifluoromethylphenyl groups was found to be uniquely effective for N-arylation of acyclic secondary amides and related nucleophiles with aryl nonaflates, triflates and chlorides.
Abstract: We report the efficient N-arylation of acyclic secondary amides and related nucleophiles with aryl nonaflates, triflates, and chlorides. This method allows for easy variation of the aromatic component in tertiary aryl amides. A new biaryl phosphine with P-bound 3,5-(bis)trifluoromethylphenyl groups was found to be uniquely effective for this amidation. The critical aspects of the ligand were explored through synthetic, mechanistic, and computational studies. Systematic variation of the ligand revealed the importance of (1) a methoxy group on the aromatic carbon of the “top ring” ortho to the phosphorus and (2) two highly electron-withdrawing P-bound 3,5-(bis)trifluoromethylphenyl groups. Computational studies suggest the electron-deficient nature of the ligand is important in facilitating amide binding to the LPd(II)(Ph)(X) intermediate.
TL;DR: The efficient N-arylation of acyclic secondary amides and related nucleophiles with aryl nonaflates, triflating, and chlorides is reported, which allows for easy variation of the aromatic component in tertiary aryal amides.
Abstract: We report the efficient N-arylation of acyclic secondary amides and related nucleophiles with aryl nonaflates, triflates, and chlorides. This method allows for easy variation of the aromatic component in tertiary aryl amides. A new biaryl phosphine with P-bound 3,5-(bis)trifluoromethylphenyl groups was found to be uniquely effective for this amidation. The critical aspects of the ligand were explored through synthetic, mechanistic, and computational studies. Systematic variation of the ligand revealed the importance of (1) a methoxy group on the aromatic carbon of the “top ring” ortho to the phosphorus and (2) two highly electron-withdrawing P-bound 3,5-(bis)trifluoromethylphenyl groups. Computational studies suggest the electron-deficient nature of the ligand is important in facilitating amide binding to the LPd(II)(Ph)(X) intermediate.
TL;DR: High‐affinity binding sites for glucagon‐like peptide‐1 7–36 amide (GLP‐17–36 NH2) were identified in rat brain and lung membranes and specific binding in the central nervous system was particularly high in the hypothalamus and the brain stem.
TL;DR: Computer methods for database search, multiple alignment and cluster analysis indicated significant homology between amino-acid sequences of 21 amidases or amidohydrolases (EC 3.5), which were found to be involved in the reduction of organic nitrogen compounds and ammonia production.