TL;DR: In this article, a method for station or grid point reduction of surface pressure to sea level or some other level is presented that shows improvement over the standard reduction method in the western United States.
Abstract: A method for station or grid point reduction of surface pressure to sea level or some other level is presented that shows improvement over the standard reduction method in the western United States. This method (MAPS SLP-Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System sea level pressure) uses the 700 hPa temperature to estimate an “effective” surface temperature from which the temperature of the hypothetical layer beneath the ground is estimated. The use of this “effective” temperature instead of the observed surface temperature is responsible for the improved reduction since it varies more smoothly over space and time and is more representative of the temperature variation found above the boundary layer. The MAPS SLP reduction was compared with the standard reduction and altimeter setting reduction in statistical comparisons of geostrophic wind estimates with observed winds and in a case study. A 21-month comparison between geostrophic and observed winds was made over different geographical regions, ti...
TL;DR: In this article, a review of techniques for sea level pressure (SLP) reduction and an evaluation of the performance of various techniques for the U.S. west coast states at 0000 UTC 30 November 1991 are presented.
Abstract: Difficulty analyzing mesoscale features in California and Nevada for a 1991 case study prompted a review of techniques for sea level pressure (SLP) reduction and an evaluation of the performance of the various techniques for the U.S. west coast states at 0000 UTC 30 November 1991. The objective of any SLP reduction procedure is to provide a pressure field that portrays meteorological features rather than terrain features, a difficult goal to meet in this region given the steep terrain gradients on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada range. The review and evaluation are performed both for techniques applicable at individual stations and for techniques applicable at grid points in a model analysis or forecast. When using station data, one would like to perform a manual or objective analysis of SLP with the greatest number of stations possible by adding stations that report only altimeter setting to the stations that report both SLP and altimeter setting. The results of the comparison show that ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a barometric pressure sensor and a processing circuit are integrated in a single chip, and the processing circuit is a dedicated circuit of a purely hardware type, which executes altimeter-setting operations through a plurality of reference registers containing respective pressure references.
Abstract: A barometric-pressure-sensor device for a portable electronic device, having a pressure sensor of a MEMS type designed to supply a barometric-pressure measurement, and with a processing circuit coupled to the pressure sensor that is designed to supply an altitude measurement as a function of the barometric-pressure measurement. The pressure sensor and the processing circuit are integrated in a single chip, and the processing circuit is a dedicated circuit of a purely hardware type. The processing circuit executes altimeter-setting operations through a plurality of reference registers containing respective pressure references.
TL;DR: In this article, a method of accounting for errors in the altitude reporting of a terrain alert and warning system (TAWS) is disclosed wherein errors due to non-standard atmospheric conditions, incorrect altimeter setting and air data computer (ADC) sensor error are detected and corrected for by compensating ADC altitudes for cold temperatures as well as using global positioning system (GPS) altitude data to confirm the accuracy of the ADC altitude information at all times.
Abstract: A method of accounting for errors in the altitude reporting of a terrain alert and warning system (TAWS) is disclosed wherein errors due to non-standard atmospheric conditions, incorrect altimeter setting and air data computer (ADC) sensor error are detected and corrected for by compensating ADC altitudes for cold temperatures as well as using global positioning system (GPS) altitude data to confirm the accuracy of the ADC altitude information at all times.
TL;DR: In this article, the altitude difference signal is converted to a corresponding barometric pressure signal under standard day conditions to provide the desired altimeter setting pressure, which is then converted to the desired altitude setting pressure.
Abstract: An airport altimeter setting indicator system includes a barometric pressure sensor that provides a signal in accordance with the local barometric pressure at the airport. The local barometric pressure signal is converted to a corresponding local pressure altitude signal in accordance with standard day conditions. A signal proportional to airport elevation is subtracted from the pressure altitude signal providing an altitude difference signal. The altitude difference signal is converted to a corresponding barometric pressure signal under standard day conditions to provide the desired altimeter setting pressure.