Showing papers on "Allowance (engineering) published in 2005"
TL;DR: This paper suggests a method that does not include a unit of time, has application across Moore, 1997, and the interaction of forage allowance and continuous and rotational stocking methods, and within the rotations method applies to any size or number of pasture subunits.
Abstract: unit of time. For the purposes of this paper and because of its simplicity, animal live weight will be used in the Stockingratehasamajoreffectonanimalperformance,butcompadenominator of the relationship, but it is understood rable stocking rates may result in a wide range in performance across that this number can be converted to animal units or environments because of differences in forage mass or sward canopy characteristics. Forage allowance is a function of both forage mass forage intake units if preferred. and stocking rate and can be a powerful tool for explaining differences Forage allowance can be a very useful tool in exin animal performance. Some methods used to express forage allow- plaining animal performance on pasture if allowance ance in the literature do not allow useful comparisons across grazing occurs across a relatively wide range, such as in fixed methods or among management strategies within a method. In addi- stocking rate experiments with multiple levels of the tion, many include a unit of time which violates the definition of treatment factor. Typically, the relationship between forage allowance as a point-in-time measure. A meaningful method daily gain and forage allowance is linear up to some of reporting forage allowance is needed that applies across a wide relatively high allowance, after which gain levels off range of pasture management treatments. This paper suggests a (McCartor and Rouquette, 1977; Sollenberger and method that does not include a unit of time, has application across Moore, 1997). The interaction of forage allowance and continuous and rotational stocking methods, and within the rotational stocking method applies to any size or number of pasture subunits. supplementation rate on milk production has been an important recent area of research in temperate, pasturebased dairy systems (Wales et al., 1999). Importance of Forage Allowance
289 citations
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2 Jun 2005
TL;DR: Cost analysis involves the analysis of the comparative costs of alternative treatments or health care programmes. It includes issues such as overhead costs, timing of costs, and productivity costs.
Abstract: Abstract The analysis of the comparative costs of alternative treatments or health care programmes is common to all forms of economic evaluation and therefore most of the methodological issues discussed in this chapter are likely to be of relevance to all analyses. Although many of the issues surrounding costing are context specific and the analyst’s options are often limited by the availability of data, it is possible to give some general guidance. Three particularly thorny issues, the treatment of overhead costs (techniques for allocating shared overhead costs to individual projects), the allowance for differential timing of costs (the techniques of discounting and annuitization of capital expenditure), and the role and estimation of productivity costs will be discussed in some detail. However, the chapter begins by covering some of the basic questions that an evaluator might have when embarking on a costing study in the health field.
25 citations
Patent•
17 Nov 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a vehicular display device capable of enhancing the safety by setting the right and left adequate allowance widths separately according to a driver's taste aptitude.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vehicular display device capable of enhancing the safety by setting the right and left adequate allowance widths separately according to a driver's taste aptitude. SOLUTION: The vehicular display device comprises an image pickup means 1 such as a camera to pick up an image in the advancing direction of a vehicle, a display means 8 to display the picked-up image, an estimated vehicle locus calculation means 5 to obtain the estimated traveling locus of the vehicle from the signal detected by a vehicle speed detection sensor and a steering angle detection sensor, an allowance width setting means 6 capable of individually setting desired allowance widths on the right and left sides of the vehicle, and an image synthesis means 7 which displays the estimated traveling locus calculated by the estimated vehicle locus calculation means on the picked-up image in a superposing manner as the estimated vehicle locus position image A of the width with the right and left allowance widths set by the allowance width setting means added to the vehicle width. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
6 citations
Patent•
2 Aug 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, a plurality of imaging devices can add an established allowance (upper limit and lower limit) to conditions for switching to automatic regulation, issues a "wait request" command to another device during switching, and clears the wait request during ending the automatic regulation.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To keep a device as it is automatically regulated while cutting downtime by automatic regulation, in an imaging system with which a plurality of imaging devices are connected. SOLUTION: This imaging system comprising a plurality of the imaging devices can add an established allowance (upper limit and lower limit) to conditions for switching to automatic regulation, issues a "wait request" command to another device during switching to automatic regulation, and clears the wait request during ending the automatic regulation. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
6 citations
1 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the attenuation characteristic of the low-pass filter is guaranteed, the curved surfaces presenting the power factor of the system under different load conditions are drawn first, then, under the considerations of the current allowance and voltage allowance and etc of power electronic devices, the available range for the parameters is reduced.
Abstract: The difficulty in obtaining practical analytic solution for high order polynomial equations when designing the Non-symmetry T-network Filter of PWM inverter leads to the 3D visual technique proposed in this paper.On the premise that the attenuation characteristic of the low-pass filter is guaranteed,the curved surfaces presenting the power factor of the system under different load conditions are drawn first,then,under the considerations of the current allowance and voltage allowance and etc of power electronic devices,available range for the parameters is reduced—from 3D surface to 3D curve,and from 3D curve to 2D curve.The structure of the filter is optimized at last.Experiments have testified the validity and use value of this method.
4 citations
Patent•
4 Nov 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, a manufacturing method by which exposure misalignment in an exposure step in the manufacturing process of a plasma display or the like can be suitably detected is provided. But the method is limited to a single exposure mask.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing method by which exposure misalignment in an exposure step in the manufacturing process of a plasma display or the like can be suitably detected. SOLUTION: The method includes a first judging step to calculate the misalignment quantity based on the distance between positioning marks of a substrate and of an exposure mask and to judge whether the calculated misalignment quantity is within the allowance or not. The method also includes a second judging step to calculate a range from the minimum to the maximum of the relative difference between the calculated misalignment quantity and the reference and to judge whether the calculated range is within the allowance or not. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
3 citations
Patent•
9 May 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a means to meter liquid consumption for the prevention of uncontrollable liquid spillage, and employ a means of metering and calculating the passing liquid, and disconnect from the supply after a specific predetermined or pre-programmed volume or allowance of liquid has passed.
Abstract: Methods and systems meter liquid consumption for the prevention of uncontrollable liquid spillage, employ a means (5, 6) of metering and calculating the passing liquid, and disconnect from the supply after a specific predetermined or preprogrammed volume or allowance of liquid has passed. If the supply of the liquid cuts off or stops before the passage of the maximum allowance of liquid (4), the system resets to zero the liquid metering device and allows another full allowance for the next operation (13). As long as the allowances are smaller than the maximum allowance, the user can obtain as much liquid as he needs. In other words, the user can obtain as much liquid as needed, as long as he takes it in amounts smaller than the maximum allowance. If the liquid volume reaches the maximum allowance and if after a warning, the user does not turn the liquid off, then the system turns off the liquid supply (15), so that the liquid damage will be limited.
3 citations
Patent•
27 Oct 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, the ABS pump is operated only at a front wheel and the difference of target pressure and actual pressure of rear wheel wheel cylinders 3RL, 3RR is a predetermined value or more.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To hardly feel early operation feeling that ABS operation is early by ABS operation at one brake system when anti-skid control is performed relative to first and second brake systems having the different feed forms of liquid pressure. SOLUTION: When ABS is operated only at a front wheel (determination of step S31 and S32 is "Yes"), difference of target pressure and actual pressure of rear wheel wheel cylinders 3RL, 3RR is a predetermined value or more (determination of step S33 is "Yes") and a reservoir allowance amount is predetermined amount or more (processing of step S35 is "Yes"), driving of an ABS pump 11 is stopped (step S36). COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors deal with a new phenomenon associated with the strong dependence of fatigue damages on magnetic-field intensity, which represents one of the manifestations of magnetoplastic effects (MPEs).
Abstract: It is well known that a large percentage of technological accidents are caused by fatigue of metallic structures. At the same time, the allowance for fatigue in strength calculations is often incorrect. There are a number of causes why this is so: defects of material, deviations from standard composition, computational problems, etc. In this study, we deal with a new phenomenon associated with the strong dependence of fatigue damages on magnetic-field intensity—an issue that has previously been ignored. This phenomenon is of interest from the standpoint of metal physics, is important in technological applications, and represents one of the manifestations of magnetoplastic effects (MPEs).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the problem of comparing two test treatments with a control treatment, where the optimality criterion of interest is the minimization of the expected average allowance (EAA) or the expected maximum allowance (EMA), where an allowance represents the "plus and/or minus" attached to point estimates and is the product of a standard error and the critical value.
Patent•
4 Oct 2005TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method for automatic calculation of the minimum allowance stack and a maximum allowance stack for an assembly of components for decision of a subset of a component assembly, construction of an allowance chain consisting of allowance characteristics having an allowance capable of taking a maximum value and a minimum value, setting of at least one allowance to the minimum value or the maximum value.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform automatic calculation of a minimum allowance stack and a maximum allowance stack. SOLUTION: This method for automatic calculation of the minimum allowance stack and a maximum allowance stack includes decision of a minimum condition and a maximum condition for an assembly of components for decision of a subset of a component assembly, construction of an allowance chain consisting of allowance characteristics having an allowance capable of taking a maximum value and a minimum value, setting of at least one allowance to the minimum value or the maximum value, and calculation of the minimum condition and the maximum condition of the assembly based on the setting of the allowance. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
1 Dec 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, a method is proposed for finding the corresponding required gross section modulus of stiffeners/girders when the classification societies' Rules for net-section modulus are used.
Abstract: A method is proposed for finding the corresponding required gross section modulus of stiffeners/girders when the classification societies’ Rules for net section modulus of stiffeners/girders are used. This allows for correct judgment about the compliance of the offered stiffeners/girders against the Rules’ requirements. As in the Rules, evenly distributed corrosion allowance is used.
1 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the second-moment approach is applied for the reliability-based calibration of dynamic load allowance (DLA) in an LRFD format by using the measured DLA's obtained from dynamic field tests for domestic highway bridges.
Abstract: The calibration of dynamic load allowance (DLA) in an LRFD format is performed by using the measured DLA's obtained from dynamic field tests for domestic highway bridges. The second-moment approach is applied for the reliability-based calibration. Domestic and foreign specifications on the dynamic load allowance are briefly reviewed, and important published test results for DLA of bridge are statistically analysed. Since the calibration by the second-moment formulation requires such statistical parameters as the mean value and the coefficient of variation of DLA's, these parameters are estimated using the measured values of dynamic load allowance. For the possible application of more sophisticated reliability-based calibration approach, the probability distribution function for DLA's is also analysed. The specified values of DLA's for the previously measured DLA's from the dynamic field tests on 29 domestic highway bridges are obtained by applying the same calibration formula that is used in the calibration of OHBDC.
Patent•
11 Jun 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, a process of computing the appropriate adjustment amount (steps 114 to 118) of the target exposure condition for the corrected pattern of each exposure apparatus based on the adjustment information of the adjusting apparatus and the imaging performance information, the pattern correction information as well as the allowance range information of imaging performance for the projecting optical system corresponding to adjustment information under the determined exposure condition is described.
Abstract: In the invention, the following processes are repeatedly conducted until all the apparatuses have the imaging performance within the allowance range: a process of computing the appropriate adjustment amount (steps 114 to 118) of the target exposure condition for the corrected pattern of each exposure apparatus based on the adjustment information of the adjusting apparatus and the imaging performance information, the pattern correction information as well as the allowance range information of the imaging performance for the projecting optical system corresponding to the adjustment information under the determined exposure condition; and a process of setting the correction information (steps 120, 124, and 126) based on the determined standard in accordance with the imaging performance when there is at least one exposure apparatus having the imaging performance outside the allowance range under the target exposure condition according to the adjustment results of the adjusting apparatus for the computed appropriate adjustment amount of each exposure apparatus. After that, the set correction information is determined as the correction information of patterns when it is within the allowance range (step 138).
TL;DR: In this paper, a tabular tolerant structure is proposed with allowance for the errors of measurement during acceptance, operation, and delivery, together with corresponding formulas for summation enabling one to determine the proportions of them in the total error for the technological operation quality parameter.
Abstract: A tabular tolerant structure is proposed with allowance for the errors of measurement during acceptance, operation, and delivery, together with corresponding formulas for summation enabling one to determine the proportions of them in the total error for the technological operation quality parameter.
TL;DR: A study of the influence of flora on the process of propagation of heavy atmospheric emissions with allowance for the ground landscape has been made in this paper, where a study of influence of vegetation on heavy emissions propagation is presented.
Abstract: A study of the influence of flora on the process of propagation of heavy atmospheric emissions with allowance for the ground landscape has been made.
Patent•
7 Mar 2005TL;DR: In this article, a test for an object to be tested using a tester provides improvement to a Tester simulation device for simulating by a DUT model for simulation operation of the object.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize a tester simulation device and a test simulation method that obtain a degree of allowance of determination timing of an expected value in a short time. SOLUTION: A test for an object to be tested using a tester provides improvement to a tester simulation device for simulating by a DUT model for simulating operation of the object and a test model for simulating operation of a tester. The device provides an analyzing means for a degree of allowance for analyzing the degree of allowance of determination timing of the expected value. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
30 Oct 2005
3 Feb 2005
TL;DR: National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Registries are electronic databases for recording and tracking Kyoto Units and regional/domestic units.
Abstract: Abstract In their simplest form National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Registries (National Registries) are electronic databases for recording and tracking Kyoto Units (that is, Assigned Amount Units (AAUs),1 Removal Units (RMUs),2 Certified Emission Reductions (CERs),3 and Emission Reduction Units (ERUs)4) and regional/domestic units (for example, EU Allowances). Such National Registries are in fact critical to any sophisticated system of emissions trading whether International Emissions Trading (IET) pursuant to Article 17 of the Kyoto Protocol or regional trading such as will take place under the EU-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) Emissions Allowance Trading Scheme (EUETS).
8 Dec 2005
TL;DR: Recoupment regulations apply to unemployment benefit and income support payments, which are deducted from the final award and paid directly to the Secretary of State.
Abstract: Abstract The amount of unemployment benefit or income support received by employees between the date of dismissal and the hearing is disregarded for the purpose of assessing the compensatory award. However, such payments are deducted by the employer from the final award and must be paid directly to the Secretary of State (now Department of Work and Pensions) under The Employment Protection (Recoupment of Jobseeker ‘s Allowance and Income Support) Regulations 1996 (made pursuant to the Employment Tribunals Act 1996, ss. 16 and 17), referred to below as ‘the regulations ‘.
22 Sep 2005
TL;DR: Emissions trading and national allocation in the Member States are complex challenges for the EU to implement. National allocation is particularly intricate and requires careful consideration of various factors to ensure compliance with reduction commitments and fairness to stakeholders.
Abstract: Abstract On 1 January 2005, emissions trading is set to become a reality in the European Union (EU). That, at least, is the objective spelled out in Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a Scheme for Greenhouse Gas Emission Allowance Trading within the Community and Amending Council Directive 96/61 (Emissions Trading Directive). The path to its achievement, however, is lined with obstacles of an unprecedented scale for Member States seeking to implement the Directive within an ambitious timetable. Among these challenges, national allocation will arguably prove the greatest. Once described as a ‘hornet’s nest’ by an eminent scholar, it requires that each Member State distribute its allowances according to a convoluted set of rules and recommendations, considering the interests of stakeholders while at the same time ensuring that national reduction commitments for greenhouse gases are met.