Allowance (engineering)

Abstract: unit of time. For the purposes of this paper and because of its simplicity, animal live weight will be used in the Stockingratehasamajoreffectonanimalperformance,butcompadenominator of the relationship, but it is understood rable stocking rates may result in a wide range in performance across that this number can be converted to animal units or environments because of differences in forage mass or sward canopy characteristics. Forage allowance is a function of both forage mass forage intake units if preferred. and stocking rate and can be a powerful tool for explaining differences Forage allowance can be a very useful tool in exin animal performance. Some methods used to express forage allow- plaining animal performance on pasture if allowance ance in the literature do not allow useful comparisons across grazing occurs across a relatively wide range, such as in fixed methods or among management strategies within a method. In addi- stocking rate experiments with multiple levels of the tion, many include a unit of time which violates the definition of treatment factor. Typically, the relationship between forage allowance as a point-in-time measure. A meaningful method daily gain and forage allowance is linear up to some of reporting forage allowance is needed that applies across a wide relatively high allowance, after which gain levels off range of pasture management treatments. This paper suggests a (McCartor and Rouquette, 1977; Sollenberger and method that does not include a unit of time, has application across Moore, 1997). The interaction of forage allowance and continuous and rotational stocking methods, and within the rotational stocking method applies to any size or number of pasture subunits. supplementation rate on milk production has been an important recent area of research in temperate, pasturebased dairy systems (Wales et al., 1999). Importance of Forage Allowance

Abstract: Investigation of more accurate and efficient methods of estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts was begun in the early 1950's by R. M. Cyert and R. M. Trueblood [Cyert, R. M., R. M. Trueblood. 1957. Statistical sampling techniques in the aging of accounts receivable in a department store. Management Sci. 3 (2, January) 185–195.]. At this time, studies were confined primarily to investigation of more efficient methods of performing the first step in the estimation procedure: determining the age distribution of accounts. In particular, the applicability of statistical sampling techniques was evaluated. A number of retail establishments now use scientific sampling methods to perform the first step in the estimation of the allowance for doubtful accounts. As a continuation of research, the second phase of the allowance estimation problem was a logical area for investigation. While it did not seem likely that all of the judgment factors involved in the setting of loss expectancy rates could be eliminate...

Abstract: A treatment is given of the effect of network flaws due to the finite chain length of the primary elastomer molecules on the elastic properties of rubber vulcanizates. In this treatment full allowance is made for the elastically inactive material which exists either as sol or as loose ends of the network. The cases of linear primary molecules with either a random distribution of lengths or with uniform lengths are considered, and the results are compared with those of earlier theoretical treatments.