TL;DR: Chelonioid sea turtles (Order Testudinata; Superfamily Chelonioidea) first appear in the early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) and there has been no inclusive attempt to provide an analysis of cladistic relationships among this group.
Abstract: Chelonioid sea turtles (Order Testudinata; Superfamily Chelonioidea) first appear in the early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian). Their long fossil record is excellent compared to most marine tetrapods. Nonetheless, there has been no inclusive attempt to provide an analysis of cladistic relationships among this group. In this paper, the following chelonioid classification is proposed, based on 76 characters among 20 fossil and six living well- represented genera:
1Family Cheloniidae (Coniacian to Recent); Toxochelys, Ctenochelys, Osteopygis, Erquelinnesia, Allopleuron, Argillochelys, Puppigerus, Eochelone, Syllomus, Natator, Eretmochelys, Chelonia, Caretta, Lepidochelys
2Family Protostegidae (Aptian to Maastrichtian?); ‘Santana new protostegid’,Rhinochelys, Notochelone, Desmatochelys, Chelosphargis, Protostega, Archelon
3Family Dermochelyidae (Santonian? to Recent); Corsochelys, ‘HMG new dermo-chelyid’, Eosphargis, Psephophorus, Dermochelys.
TL;DR: This Eocene turtle was found in the marine sediments of the Vespella Marls Member (Vic-Manlleu Marls Formation, upper Bartonian) that occur in the Osona county (eastern Ebro Basin) and is the first dedicated to the fossil turtles of this area.
TL;DR: In this article, the isotope compositions of tooth enamel structural carbonate and phosphate of various late Maastrichtian and early Palaeocene shark and ray taxa, as well as carapace bone of a marine turtle, Allopleuron hofmanni, were analyzed.
TL;DR: In this article, an exhaustive screening of public collections containing remains of the latest Cretaceous marine turtle Allopleuron hofmanni (Gray, 1831) from the type area of the Maastrichtian Stage (southeast Netherlands, northeast Belgium) shows the available material to represent almost exclusively adult individuals.
Abstract: An exhaustive screening of public collections containing remains of the latest Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) marine turtle Allopleuron hofmanni (Gray, 1831) from the type area of the Maastrichtian Stage (southeast Netherlands, northeast Belgium) shows the available material to represent almost exclusively adult individuals. The various skeletal elements are not preserved in proportionally equal abundance, with portions of carapace, pectoral girdle, cranium and mandible overrepresented. These observations can be explained by population characteristics and taphonomic factors. During the late Maastrichtian, while hatchlings and juveniles in all likelihood lived and fed elsewhere, extensive seagrass meadows might have supported a population of only adult marine turtles.
Abstract: Fragmentary remains of Cryptodira incertae sedis sp 1 (dentary, scapular fragments, and neural; Rasstrigin 1, Maastrichtian), Cryptodira incertae sedis sp 2 (fused epiplastra with two pairs of gular scutes; Bereslavka 1, Maastrichtian), Chelonioidea incertae sedis sp 1 (frontal bone and carapace fragments; Polunino 2, Campanian), and Testudines indet (phalanx; Loznoe, upper Paleocene) are described Chelonioidea incertae sedis sp 1 from Polunino 2 is similar to Allopleuron by lacking a prefrontal-postorbital contact, in having a interdigitating contact between costals and neurals, the loss of suprapygal-pygal contact, the reduction of horn sulci, and the possible development of the secondary bony palate (inferred from the rather long dentary symphysis) Three new localities for marine turtles (Cenomanian Solodcha and Paleocene Bereslavka 2a and 2b) are also indicated for the first time, but the material is insufficient for description