Topic
Acanthocarpus
About: Acanthocarpus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5 publications have been published within this topic receiving 35 citations.
Papers
Dissertation•
1 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The molecular phylogeny shows that Lomandra forms four primary clades; with members from the classical anatomy, inflorescence-defined section and series distributed amongst these, typically in large islands; and represents either an example of the evolution of unisexuality followed by reversion, or else multiple losses of hermaphrodite flowers.
Abstract: The “Lomandra complex” (or Lomandra grouping) is an informally
recognised grade resulting from the subdivision of the Laxmanniaceae into two
groups (Conran, 1998); the ‘Lomandra complex” (Acanthocarpus, Chamaexeros,
Lomandra, Romnalda and Xerolirion), and the remainder as the Arthropodoids
(Arthropodium, Chamaescilla, Cordyline, Eustrephus, Laxmannia, Murchisonia,
Sowerbaea, Thysanotus and Trichopetalum). Laxmanniaceae are an Australiacentred,
tropical to temperate family of 14 genera with around 180 species from
Australasia, SE Asia, the Mascarenes, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand,
North and South America and the Pacific Islands. There have been no detailed
phylogenetic studies in Laxmanniaceae and the relationships within and between the
genera is poorly understood.
This study utilised molecular data from chloroplast trnL-F and nuclear
ribosomal ITS2 regions analysed with maximum parsimony and bayesian inference
methods to reconstruct the phylogeny of the genera of the ‘Lomandra complex’,
using species of Arthropodium, Eustrephus, Laxmannia and Thysanotus as
outgroups. The molecular phylogeny shows that Lomandra forms four primary
clades; with members from the classical anatomy, inflorescence-defined section and
series distributed amongst these, typically in large islands. The monotypic genus
Xerolirion resides deeply within Lomandra, raising questions about the
appropriateness of this genus. Additionally, the other genera of the Lomandra
complex (Acanthocarpus, Chamaexeros and Romnalda) form a clade positioned
sister to one of four primary Lomandra clades, but nested inside Lomandra sens. lat., indicating a closer relationship between these genera than previously thought. The
affiliation of these bisexual, hermaphroditic genera within the otherwise unisexual,
dioecious Lomandra clade supports the recognition of the ‘Lomandra complex’ as an
expanded genus, Lomandra; and represents either an example of the evolution of
unisexuality followed by reversion, or else multiple losses of hermaphrodite flowers.
Morphological and anatomical data were obtained for leaf and floral
macroscopic characters, mid-leaf section anatomy and cuticle microscopic features
and analysed with maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods to
reconstruct the anatomical phylogeny. These data were also utilised to generate a
DELTA key for identifying species of Lomandra from a combination of macroscopic
morphological and microscopic leaf anatomical features.
7 citations
TL;DR: Xielishan et al. as mentioned in this paper used Euonymus acanthocarpus (10.0 kg) leaves to extract terpenes, seven flavones, four aryl glycosides, and twenty other aromatic compounds, of which compounds 3-4, 8, 13-14, 17, and 19-35 were isolated from Celastraceae family for the first time.
Abstract: The genus Euonymus belongs to the Celastraceae family and comprises ca. 220 species widely scattered in subtropical and temperate zones, of which about 111 species are extensively distributed in southern China [1]. Euonymus acanthocarpus is used as folk medicine to treat rheumatic arthralgia, hydrops, and traumatic injuries [2], while the chemical constituents and bioactivities of this plant have not been studied before. Our current research on this plant resulted in the isolation of four terpenes, seven flavones, four aryl glycosides, and twenty other aromatic compounds, of which compounds 3–4, 8, 13–14, 17, and 19–35 were isolated from Celastraceae family for the first time. The stems and leaves of Euonymus acanthocarpus were gathered in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, in August of 2010, and were authenticated by Assoc. Prof. Xielishan, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A voucher specimen (No. 2009EAC1) is deposited at the School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The dried stems and leaves of E. acanthocarpus (10.0 kg) were powered and extracted with 95% ethanol for six times at room temperature and evaporated under reduced pressure to give 560.8 g of extract, which was resuspended with H2O (2.5 L) and successively partitioned with petroleum ether (PE, 12.0 L), dichloromethane (DCM, 20.0 L), ethyl acetate (EtOAc, 20.0 L), and n-butanol (12.0 L) to give four fractions. The PE fraction (107.3 g) was subjected to silica gel (100–200 mesh, 1.3 kg) column chromatography (CC, 10 100 cm) and eluted with a PE–EtOAc gradient system (v/v = 100:0, 100:1, 50:1, 20:1, 10:1, 5:1) to give subfractions PE1–PE4. PE2 (9.3282 g) was isolated by silica gel (200–300 mesh) and recrystallization (MeOH–Me2CO) to give 1 (25.8 mg), 5 (20.0 mg), and 6 (10.0 mg); PE3 (6.1696 g) was further purified over silica gel column and preparative HPLC (MeOH–H2O system, 8 mL/min) to yield 16 (8.1 mg, 50% MeOH), 17 (1.0 mg, 80% MeOH), 18 (3.7 mg, 55% MeOH), 19 (15.0 mg, 55% MeOH), and 35 (9.2 mg, 55% MeOH). Compounds 2 (3.2 mg) and 15 (2.0 mg) were obtained by a similar process using PE4 (8.2 g).
7 citations
TL;DR: Sori of U. lomandracearum in most collections on Lomandra are heavily parasitised by Sphaerellopsis filum and the effect of this on the disease symptoms produced is discussed, and the relationship of these rusts to one another, and to rusts recorded on other liliaceous hosts, is considered in the light of changing plant classifications.
Abstract: Uromyces lomandracearum is described from leaves of Lomandra spp. in New South Wales and South Australia, and leaves of Acanthocarpus verticillatus from Western Australia. A pycnial/aecial rust on fruit of A. verticillatus from Western Australia is described as Aecidium acanthocarpi. These are the first rusts recorded on genera of Lomandraceae. The relationship of these rusts to one another, and to rusts recorded on other liliaceous hosts, is considered in the light of changing plant classifications. Sori of U. lomandracearum in most collections on Lomandra are heavily parasitised by Sphaerellopsis filum and the effect of this on the disease symptoms produced is discussed.
6 citations
6 Jun 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the occurrence of Acanthocarpus alexandri Stimpson, 1871 and A. bispinosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 from the Potiguar Basin (Rio Grande do Norte), located in the Brazilian northeast and increase the knowledge about the distributional aspects of this species from Brazilian coast.
Abstract: O caranguejo do genero Acanthocarpus Stimpson, 1871 tem habitos bentonicos, ocorrendo na plataforma continental em substratos de cascalhos ou lamosos com ocorrencia em todos os oceanos, especialmente entre 20-522 m de profundidade. Neste trabalho, nos reportamos a ocorrencia de Acanthocarpus alexandri Stimpson, 1871 e A. bispinosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 para a Bacia Potiguar (Rio Grande do Norte), localizada na regiao nordeste do Brasil e aumentamos o conhecimento sobre aspectos distribucionais das especies para a costa brasileira. Palavras chave : Bacia Potiguar, registros adicionais, distribuicao geografica, caranguejos braquiuros, plataforma continental. Abstract : The gladiator box crab of the genus Acanthocarpus Stimpson, 1871 has benthonic habits, occurring in continental shelf on gravel or muddy substrates with occurrence in all oceans, especially between 20-522 m depth. In this paper we report the occurrence of Acanthocarpus alexandri Stimpson, 1871 and A. bispinosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 from the Potiguar Basin (Rio Grande do Norte), located in the Brazilian northeast and increase the knowledge about the distributional aspects of this species from Brazilian coast. Key words : Potiguar Basin, further records, geographic distribution, brachyuran crabs, continental shelf.
2 citations
TL;DR: Optimization of depth distributions on the cladogram suggests that the Calappidae had a deep-water origin with only a single lineage moving into shallow waters, suggesting vicariance events associated with Gondwanan fragmentation.
Abstract: The phylogenetic relationships of eight genera within the Calappidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea: Brachyura) were examined based on a cladistic analysis of 55 adult morphological characters. A single tree was produced (CI=0.833, RCI=0.717). The data revealed two major lineages within the Calappidae: the ‘calappine’ clade, consisting of Calappa, Cryptosoma, Cycloes, Paracyclois and Cyclozodion, and the ‘mursiine’ clade, consisting of Acanthocarpus, Mursia and Platymera. Analyses of the fossil record and biogeographic patterns point to vicariance events associated with Gondwanan fragmentation. Optimization of depth distributions on the cladogram suggests that the family had a deep-water origin with only a single lineage moving into shallow waters.
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2013 | 1 |
| 2010 | 1 |
| 2009 | 1 |
| 1998 | 1 |