TL;DR: The following five new replacement names are proposed for homonymous genus- and species-level names in four different subfamilies of Reduviidae: Dithectocoris coromandelensis (Livingstone & Ravichandran, 1992) comb, and Oncocephalus enallus nom.
Abstract: The following five new replacement names are proposed for homonymous genus- and species-level names in four different subfamilies of Reduviidae: Dithectocoris nom. nov. for Echinocoris Livingstone & Ravichandran, 1992 nec Echinocoris Miller, 1949 (Ectrichodiinae); Sphedanolestes picturellus tordoi nom. nov. for Sphedanolestes picturellus annulipes Tordo, 1969 nec Sphedanolestes annulipes Distant, 1903 (Harpactorinae); Acanthaspis celidota nom. nov. for Acanthaspis maculata Sucheta & Chopra, 1989 nec Acanthaspis maculata (Distant, 1903); Reduvius lasius nom. nov. for Reduvius villosus Fabricius, 1794 nec (Thunberg, 1783) (Reduviinae); and Oncocephalus enallus nom. nov. for Oncocephalus bipunctatus Livingstone & Ravichandran, 1990 nec Oncocephalus bipunctatus Villiers, 1952. The genus-level replacement also results in Dithectocoris coromandelensis (Livingstone & Ravichandran, 1992) comb. nov.
TL;DR: Experiments with three ant species showed that the dust coat impedes chemical and tactile recognition of the nymphs by ant workers and thus may serve to increase their hunting success and the backpack appeared to play only a minor role in this context.
TL;DR: Histological profile of the anterior and posterior lobes of the principal salivary and accessory glands of the reduviidAcanthaspis pedestris Stal has been discussed in relation to enzyme pattern of the posterior lobe and the zootoxic substances of theterior lobe as well as the protein fractions of thesalivary gland lobes and the haemolymph.
Abstract: Histological profile of the anterior and posterior lobes of the principal salivary and accessory glands of the reduviidAcanthaspis pedestris Stal. has been discussed in relation to enzyme pattern of the posterior lobe and the zootoxic substances of the anterior lobe as well as the protein fractions of the salivary gland lobes and the haemolymph.
TL;DR: The assassin bugs of the genus Acanthaspis Amyot & Serville (Reduviinae) from China are revised and the biology of A. cincticrus Stål is briefly noted.
Abstract: The assassin bugs of the genus Acanthaspis Amyot & Serville (Reduviinae) from China are revised. Fourteen species are recognized, described or redescribed and illustrated. Three species, A. fulviconnexa, A. melanota, and A. octoguttata, are described as new to science. Acanthaspis subinermis Hsiao 1976 is synonymized with A. laoensis Distant 1919. A key for the identification of Chinese species of Acanthaspis is provided. The biology of A. cincticrus Stal is briefly noted. The following species are newly recorded from adjacent countries: A. collaris Hsiao from Laos and Thailand, A. geniculata Hsiao from Vietnam, A. picta Hsiao from Laos, Myanmar and Thailand, A. quinquespinosa (Fabricius) from Nepal, A. ruficeps Hsiao from Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, and A. laoensis Distant from Thailand.
TL;DR: Functional enrichment analysis of significantly differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) showed positive correlation with specific physiological processes within each stage, including venom, aggression, olfactory recognition as well as growth and development.
Abstract: Acanthaspis cincticrus (Stal) is an assassin bug with a specialized camouflaging behavior to ambush ants in the nymphal stages. In this study, we comprehensively sequenced all the life stages of A. cincticrus, including the eggs, five nymph instars, female and male adults using Illumina HiSeq technology. We obtained 176 million clean sequence reads. The assembled 84,055 unigenes were annotated and classified functionally based on protein databases. Among the unigenes, 29.03% were annotated by one or more databases, suggesting their well-conserved functions. Comparison of the gene expression profiles in the egg, nymph and adult stages revealed certain bias. Functional enrichment analysis of significantly differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) showed positive correlation with specific physiological processes within each stage, including venom, aggression, olfactory recognition as well as growth and development. Relative expression of ten SDEGs involved in predation process was validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).