X inactivation-specific transcript expression in mouse oocytes and zygotes.
Rachel Avner,Jacob Wahrman,Carmelit Richler,Nabieh Ayoub,Adam Friedmann,Neri Laufer,Stella Mitrani-Rosenbaum +6 more
TL;DR: XIST: expression in oocytes is demonstrated and it is suggested that XIST: transcripts may occur in both XX and XY zygotes, and a difference in the pattern of expression is found among pronuclear-stage embryos.
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Abstract: Expression of the X inactivation-specific transcript (XIST:) gene has previously been shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to be present at the 4-cell stage of female mouse embryos. This early expression, which is followed by X inactivation in the extra-embryonic tissues, is maternally imprinted. By the blastocyst stage, as the embryonic lineages begin to form, the imprint is lost and expression becomes random. By applying in-situ RT-PCR, we showed that XIST: is expressed even earlier in development, in unfertilized mouse oocytes as well as in pronuclei stage zygotes. Our data demonstrate XIST: expression in oocytes and suggest that XIST: transcripts may occur in both XX and XY zygotes. A difference in the pattern of expression (rod-like or rounded punctate signal) is found among pronuclear-stage embryos. Early expression is in agreement with findings reported in human embryos.
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Citations
Xist RNA and the Mechanism of X Chromosome Inactivation
TL;DR: The authors are on the threshold of discovering the factors that regulate and interact with Xist to control X-inactivation, and closer to an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie this complex process.
Developmentally-regulated changes of Xist RNA levels in single preimplantation mouse embryos, as revealed by quantitative real-time PCR.
TL;DR: It is proposed that during early cleavage high enough levels of Xist mRNA are transcribed to generate a pool of unbound molecules that would serve to temporarily maintain X chromosome inactivation without additional transcription while the trophectoderm and inner cell mass (ICM) differentiate.
44
A role of human RNase P subunits, Rpp29 and Rpp21, in homology directed-repair of double-strand breaks
Enas R Abu-Zhayia,Hanan Khoury-Haddad,Noga Guttmann-Raviv,Raphael Serruya,Nayef Jarrous,Nabieh Ayoub +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Rpp29 and Rpp21 depletion impairs double-strand break (DSB) repair by homology-directed repair (HDR), but has no deleterious effect on the integrity of non-homologous end joining.
Impact of in vitro production techniques on the expression of X-linked genes in bovine (bos taurus) oocytes and pre-attachment embryos.
TL;DR: The results highlight the possibility that X‐linked gene expression analysis is a useful tool to monitor the impact of reproductive biotechnologies on the developmental potential of embryos and aid in their improvement.
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A gene from the region of the human X inactivation centre is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome
Carolyn J. Brown,Andrea Ballabio,James L. Rupert,Ronald G. Lafreniere,Markus Grompe,Rossana Tonlorenzi,Huntington F. Willard +6 more
TL;DR: This gene, called XIST (for Xi-specific transcripts), is a candidate for a gene either involved in or uniquely influenced by the process of X inactivation, and is described as an X-linked gene with a novel expression pattern.
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The human XIST gene: analysis of a 17 kb inactive X-specific RNA that contains conserved repeats and is highly localized within the nucleus.
Carolyn J. Brown,Brian Hendrich,Jim L. Rupert,Ronald G. Lafreniere,Yigong P. Xing,Jeanne B. Lawrence,Huntington F. Willard +6 more
TL;DR: Human XIST cDNAs containing at least eight exons and totaling 17 kb have been isolated and sequenced within the region on the X chromosome known to contain the X inactivation center, suggesting that XIST may function as a structural RNA within the nucleus.
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Requirement for Xist in X chromosome inactivation
Graeme D. Penny,Graham F. Kay,Graham F. Kay,Steven A. Sheardown,Sohaila Rastan,Sohaila Rastan,Neil Brockdorff +6 more
TL;DR: Evidence for gene targeting of Xist, the proposed candidate for the X inactivation centre, is provided, and its absolute requirement in the process of X chromosome inactivation is provided.
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