Journal Article10.1037/0096-1523.27.1.3
Why practice reduces dual-task interference.
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TL;DR: Results from 3 further experiments support 4 main conclusions: a processing bottleneck exists even after extensive practice, the principal cause of the reduction in PRP interference with practice is shortening of Task 1 bottleneck stages, and the extent of PRP reduction with practice depends on the modalities of the 2 responses.
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Abstract: M. A. Van Selst, E. Ruthruff, and J. C. Johnston (1999) found that practice dramatically reduced dual-task interference in a Psychological Refractory Period (PRP) paradigm with 1 vocal response and 1 manual response. Results from 3 further experiments using the highly trained participants of M. A. Van Selst et al. (1999) support 4 main conclusions: (a) A processing bottleneck exists even after extensive practice; (b) the principal cause of the reduction in PRP interference with practice is shortening of Task 1 bottleneck stages; (c) a secondary cause is that 1 or more, but not all, of the Task 2 substages that are postponed before practice are not postponed after practice (i.e., become automatized); and (d) the extent of PRP reduction with practice depends on the modalities of the 2 responses. A control experiment with 2 manual response tasks showed less PRP reduction with practice than that found by Van Selst et al.
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