Vitamin D Deficiency

TL;DR: Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children and will precipitate and exacerbate osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures in adults, and foods that are fortified with vitamin D are often inadequate to satisfy either a child's or an adult's vitamin D requirement.

TL;DR: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with incident cardiovascular disease and further clinical and experimental studies may be warranted to determine whether correction of vitamin D deficiency could contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

TL;DR: Novel treatment strategies have been developed that aim to inhibit excessive bone resorption and increase bone formation and the most promising novel treatments include denosumab, a monoclonal antibody for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand; odanacatib, a specific inhibitor of the osteoclast protease cathepsin K; and antibodies against the proteins sclerostin and dickkopf-1, two endogenous inhibitors of bone formation.

TL;DR: The effects of supplementation with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and calcium on the frequency of hip fractures and other nonvertebral fractures, identified radiologically, in 3270 healthy ambulatory women are studied.

TL;DR: Evidence from studies that evaluated thresholds for serum 25(OH)D concentrations in relation to bone mineral density, lower-extremity function, dental health, and risk of falls, fractures, and colorectal cancer suggests that an increase in the currently recommended intake of vitamin D is warranted.

TL;DR: An overview of the physiologic, endocrinologic, and molecular biologic characteristics of vitamin D is provided and information on new selective analogs of 1alpha,25-dihydroyvitamin D3 for therapy is provided.