Visual Sample Plan (VSP) Models and Code Verification

Question

1. What is the simplest extension of Equation (3.9)?

2. How many rows are incremented to ensure complete coverage of the sample area?

3. How can a user manually select arbitrary sampling locations?

4. Why are the two-sample test not included in the above list?

Accepted Answer

If the MQO module is used, in which case r = 1, 2, or 3 analytical replicates per field sample can be specified by the VSP user, then(3.10) + = − r s s d t n analyticalsample df, 2 2 2 1 αEquation (3.10) is a straightforward extension of Equation (3.9).

Accepted Answer

If random start is specified by the user, rows and columns are incremented by 2 to ensure complete coverage of the Sample Area.6.

Accepted Answer

The user also can manually select arbitrary sampling locations using the option Sampling Designs / Judgment Sampling / Manually Add Samples.

Accepted Answer

The one-sample and two-sample test for proportions are not included in the above list because the MQO module is not implemented in Version 0.9H of VSP.

Accepted Answer

Equation (3.12) should provide a very accurate approximation of n and m for a specified r value because it is a straightforward extension of Equation (3.11) to the case of r 1.

Accepted Answer

Guenther (1981) indicates that Equation (3.11) is an approximation to the true minimum sample sizes n and m required for the two-sample t-test.

Accepted Answer

”Davidson (1995a, 1995b) conducted Monte Carlo simulations to verify that the upgraded ELIPGRID-PC program was computing hot-spot detection probabilities correctly.

Accepted Answer

The two-sample t-test is a standard statistical test that can be used to test if the true site mean exceeds the true reference-area mean.

Accepted Answer

For multiple Sample Areas, the number of samples assigned to each sample area is calculated by the following formula:n = floor(samples * area / total) wheren = number of samples to be assigned to the current Sample Area floor() = function that returns the largest whole number less than or equal to a number samples = total number of samples to be assigned to all Sample Areas area = surface area of current Sample Area total = total surface area of all Sample AreasIf the formula leaves unassigned samples (because of rounding down), one sample is added to each Sample Area in turn, until all remaining samples are placed.

Accepted Answer

While checking the accuracy of sample-size computations by VSP (Section 3.1), PNNL researchers also checked on the accuracy of the four graphical displays of VSP outputs – the “Map View,” the “Graph View,” and “Report View,” and the “Coordinate View.”

Accepted Answer

In total, hand calculations were conducted for 27 of the 135 total test cases (15 test cases for each of the 9 statistical tests equals 135).

Accepted Answer

The most important discovered was that Version 0.9H of VSP incorrectly displays in some cases the DPGD specified by the VSP user for the MARSSIM sign test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Accepted Answer

7. The user should be able to click on the New Area icon, select a color, and right click inside the top portion of the large oval.

Visual Sample Plan (VSP) Models and Code Verification

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Most frequently asked questions

1. What is the simplest extension of Equation (3.9)?

2. How many rows are incremented to ensure complete coverage of the sample area?

3. How can a user manually select arbitrary sampling locations?

4. Why are the two-sample test not included in the above list?

5. What is the key assumption that underlies the derivation of Equation 3.11?

6. What is the key assumption that underlies the derivation of Equation (3.11)?

7. What was the main purpose of the Monte Carlo simulations?

8. What is the definition of a two-sample t-test?

9. How many samples are assigned to each sample area?

10. What other tests were used to check the accuracy of the VSP outputs?

11. How many test cases were hand calculated?

12. What was the important problem discovered in Version 0.9H of VSP?

13. How do you select the new area?

Figures

Citations

Handbook of Statistical Tables.

Student study guide to accompany : a modern approach to statistics

Electrokinetic remediation of soils contaminated by potentially toxic metals: Dedicated analytical tools for assessing the contamination baseline in a complex scenario.

Role of Sampling Designs in Obtaining Representative Data

Visual Sample Plan Version 1.0 User's Guide

References

Practical Nonparametric Statistics

Numerical recipes in Fortran (The art of scientific computing) : W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling and B.P. Flannery, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2nd ed., 1992. 963 pp., US$49.95, ISBN 0-521-43064-X.☆

Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring

Random number generators: good ones are hard to find

Statistical Methods For Environmental Pollution Monitoring

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