Variation in Mammalian Proximal Femoral Development: Comparative Analysis of Two Distinct Ossification Patterns
Maria A. Serrat,Philip L. Reno,Melanie A. McCollum,Melanie A. McCollum,Richard S. Meindl,C. Owen Lovejoy +5 more
TL;DR: Qualitative and quantitative differences between the groups suggest that ossification type may be primarily an artefact of femoral shape and neck length, which may provide insight into the aetiology and treatment of human hip disorders such as femoroacetabular impingement and early‐onset osteoarthritis.
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Abstract: The developmental anatomy of the proximal femur is complex. In some mammals, including humans, the femoral head and greater trochanter emerge as separate ossification centres within a common chondroepiphysis and remain separate throughout ontogeny. In other species, these secondary centres coalesce within the chondroepiphysis to form a single osseous epiphysis much like the proximal humerus. These differences in femoral ontogeny have not been previously addressed, yet are critical to an understanding of femoral mineralization and architecture across a wide range of mammals and may have key implications for understanding and treating hip abnormalities in humans. We evaluated femora from 70 mammalian species and categorized each according to the presence of a ‘separate’ or ‘coalesced’ proximal epiphysis based on visual assessment. We found that ossification type varies widely among mammals: taxa in the ‘coalesced’ group include marsupials, artiodactyls, perissodactyls, bats, carnivores and several primates, while the ‘separate’ group includes hominoids, many rodents, tree shrews and several marine species. There was no clear relationship to body size, phylogeny or locomotion, but qualitative and quantitative differences between the groups suggest that ossification type may be primarily an artefact of femoral shape and neck length. As some osseous abnormalities of the human hip appear to mimic the normal morphology of species with coalesced epiphyses, these results may provide insight into the aetiology and treatment of human hip disorders such as femoroacetabular impingement and early-onset osteoarthritis.
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Citations
The Pelvis and Femur of Ardipithecus ramidus: The Emergence of Upright Walking
TL;DR: The femur and pelvis of Ardipithecus ramidus have characters indicative of both upright bipedal walking and movement in trees, and they therefore bear little or no functional relationship to the highly derived suspension, vertical climbing, knuckle-walking and facultative bipedality of extant African apes.
A Cam Deformity Is Gradually Acquired During Skeletal Maturation in Adolescent and Young Male Soccer Players A Prospective Study With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Rintje Agricola,M.P. Heijboer,Abida Z. Ginai,Pauline Roels,Amir A. Zadpoor,Jan A N Verhaar,Harrie Weinans,Harrie Weinans,Jan H. Waarsing +8 more
TL;DR: In youth soccer players, cam deformities gradually develop during skeletal maturation and are probably stable from the time of growth plate closure, which will have a major effect on the prevalence of hip osteoarthritis.
285
The Development of Cam-Type Deformity in Adolescent and Young Male Soccer Players
Rintje Agricola,Johannes H.J.M. Bessems,Abida Z. Ginai,M.P. Heijboer,Rianne A. van der Heijden,Jan A N Verhaar,Harrie Weinans,Harrie Weinans,Jan H. Waarsing +8 more
TL;DR: Cam-type deformities were recognizable and present from the age of 13 years and were more prevalent in soccer players than in their nonathletic peers and is likely to be influenced by high-impact sports practice.
262
Changing structure of the femoral neck across the adult female lifespan
Kenneth E. S. Poole,PM Mayhew,Collette Rose,J Keenan Brown,Philip J Bearcroft,Nigel Loveridge,Jonathan Reeve +6 more
TL;DR: Elderly women had relative preservation of IA femoral neck bone over seven decades compared with young women but markedly lower C.Th and BMD in the other three quadrants, suggesting localized bone loss may increase the risk of fracture in elderly fallers.
142
Distribution of cortical bone in the femoral neck and hip fracture: A prospective case-control analysis of 143 incident hip fractures; the AGES-REYKJAVIK Study
Fjola Johannesdottir,Kenneth E. S. Poole,Jonathan Reeve,Kristin Siggeirsdottir,Thor Aspelund,Brynjolfur Mogensen,Brynjolfur Jonsson,Sigurdur Sigurdsson,Tamara B. Harris,Vilmundur Gudnason,Gunnar Sigurdsson +10 more
TL;DR: In conclusion, Est CTh in the supero-anterior (SA) quadrant best discriminated cases from controls, especially in men, might be of importance in determining resistance to fracture.
128
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