Utilization of Finite Element Analysis for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering.
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TL;DR: Finite element analysis is an in-silico analysis technique that allows for scaffold design optimization by predicting mechanical responses of cells and scaffolds under applied loads to significantly decrease the time and cost of scaffold optimization.
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Abstract: Scaffold design plays an essential role in tissue engineering of articular cartilage by providing the appropriate mechanical and biological environment for chondrocytes to proliferate and function. Optimization of scaffold design to generate tissue-engineered cartilage has traditionally been conducted using in-vitro and in-vivo models. Recent advances in computational analysis allow us to significantly decrease the time and cost of scaffold optimization using finite element analysis (FEA). FEA is an in-silico analysis technique that allows for scaffold design optimization by predicting mechanical responses of cells and scaffolds under applied loads. Finite element analyses can potentially mimic the morphology of cartilage using mesh elements (tetrahedral, hexahedral), material properties (elastic, hyperelastic, poroelastic, composite), physiological loads by applying loading conditions (static, dynamic), and constitutive stress–strain equations (linear, porous–elastic, biphasic). Furthermore, FEA can be applied to the study of the effects of dynamic loading, material properties cell differentiation, cell activity, scaffold structure optimization, and interstitial fluid flow, in isolated or combined multi-scale models. This review covers recent studies and trends in the use of FEA for cartilage tissue engineering and scaffold design.
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Advances and prospects in biomimetic multilayered scaffolds for articular cartilage regeneration.
Liwei Fu,Liwei Fu,Zhen Yang,Zhen Yang,Cangjian Gao,Cangjian Gao,Hao Li,Hao Li,Zhiguo Yuan,Zhiguo Yuan,Fuxin Wang,Xiang Sui,Shuyun Liu,Quanyi Guo,Quanyi Guo +14 more
TL;DR: This review focuses on the current status of multilayered scaffolds developed for AC defect repair, including design strategies based on the degree of defect severity and the zone-specific characteristics of AC tissue, the selection and composition of biomaterials, and techniques for design and manufacturing.
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Cartilage biomechanics: From the basic facts to the challenges of tissue engineering.
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the major mechanical behaviors of articular cartilage is presented, and the authors emphasize that future studies need to investigate AC mechanical properties at different scales, particularly the gradient of mechanical properties around cells and across the cartilage depth.
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