Proceedings Article10.2514/6.2019-4406
Using Multi-physics System Simulation to Predict Battery Pack Thermal Performance and Risk of Thermal Runaway During eVTOL Aircraft Operations
Jonathan Harrison,Devin Charles,Jon Zenker,Evan Frank +3 more
- 19 Aug 2019
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TL;DR: In this article, a multi-physics system simulation model was constructed to predict the electrical-thermal-fluid performance of the A3 Vahana battery pack with comparison to test data derived from a notional eVTOL mission profile.
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Abstract: Negative effects of greenhouse gas emissions from internal combustion engines has motivated a global trend towards electrification of transportation powertrains. Additionally, electrification of vehicle prime movers has enabled novel powertrain configurations such as electric distributed propulsion. Electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft are a novel transportation mode developed at a confluence of emerging technologies including electric powertrains. eVTOLs are poised to institute a major change to urban mobility by increasing the speed and efficiency of urban travel. To facilitate safe and reliable operations, eVTOL battery packs must reliably provide adequate electrical power for mission requirements while sustaining pack health and cycle life over the course of hundreds of missions. These packs are under considerable thermal stress during flight, and must be designed to meet the challenges caused by these thermal stresses, including keeping individual battery cells below temperature limits. Using system simulation can be instrumental in providing optimal design of battery pack layouts and thermal management strategies. A multi-physics system simulation model has been constructed to predict the electrical-thermal-fluid performance of the A3 Vahana eVTOL battery pack with comparison to test data derived from a notional eVTOL mission profile. The model predicts outputs including individual cell currents, cell temperatures, cell voltage, environmental temperatures, and impact of different thermal management strategies on eVTOL battery pack design. The thermal profile predicted during flight is then passed to a predictive model for battery life using GT-SUITE simulation software. The model is then configured to simulate a thermal runaway event, where one cell is heated to the point of runaway, and response of the pack is predicted under different cooling strategies.
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Citations
A novel heat dissipation structure based on flat heat pipe for battery thermal management system
Yueqi Wang,Dan Dan,Yangjun Zhang,Yuping Qian,Satyam Panchal,Michael B. Fowler,Weifeng Li,Manh-Kien Tran,Yi Xie +8 more
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors constructed a resistance-based thermal model of the batteries considering the impact of the state of charge (SOC), battery temperature, and current on the battery heat generation.
110
Simulation and analysis of operating characteristics of power battery for flying car utilization
Yiwei Luo,Yuping Qian,Zezhi Zeng,Yangjun Zhang +3 more
- 01 May 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the power battery operating characteristics under typical flight mission profiles for flying cars and found that the power and discharge rate at the end of the vertical climb acceleration segment are the highest in the entire mission profile, where the discharge rate reaches 64C and the speed, acceleration and climb height have an important impact on the characteristics of the power batteries and the recharge mileage of the flying car.
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Passive battery thermal management system for an unmanned aerial vehicle using a tetrahedral lattice porous plate
TL;DR: In this paper , the performance of a passive BTMS with a tetrahedral lattice porous plate (TLPP) was analyzed using experiments and numerical simulations at the battery cell and module levels.
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Optimisation of a liquid cooling system for eVTOL aircraft: Impact of sizing mission and battery size
Chunrong Zhao,Juan Rasines Mazo,Dries Verstraete +2 more
TL;DR: This study optimises a liquid-cooled battery thermal management system for eVTOL aircraft, finding that hover duration significantly impacts system weight, while cruise altitude has a negligible effect, and battery pack oversizing can halve degradation rate.
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William Walker,John Darst,Donal P. Finegan,Gary Bayles,Kenneth L. Johnson,Eric Darcy,Steven L. Rickman +6 more
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TL;DR: In this paper, a unique calorimeter was used to characterize thermal runaway (TR) behavior of a variety of 18650 format Li-ion cells and statistical methods were implemented to interpret the data.
Trajectory Optimization of Electric Aircraft Subject to Subsystem Thermal Constraints
Robert D. Falck,Jeffrey C. Chin,Sydney L. Schnulo,Jonathan M. Burt,Justin S. Gray +4 more
- 05 Jun 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a model of the electric subsystems for the NASA X-57 electric testbed aircraft and coupled this model with a simple 2D aircraft dynamics and used a Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto collocation optimal control approach to find optimal trajectories for the aircraft with and without thermal constraints.