Book Chapter10.1016/B978-012210845-7/50008-8
Tropical Shrimp Farming and its Sustainability
J. Honculada Primavera
- 01 Jan 1998
- pp 257-289
167
TL;DR: This chapter describes tropical shrimp farming and discusses its ecological and socioeconomic impacts and recommends measures to achieve long-term sustainability including farm management, integrated coastal zone management, and regulatory mechanisms and policy instruments.
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Abstract: Publisher Summary
This chapter describes tropical shrimp farming and discusses its ecological and socioeconomic impacts. It recommends measures to achieve long-term sustainability including farm management, integrated coastal zone management, and regulatory mechanisms and policy instruments. Shrimp grow-out systems may be classified into extensive, semi-intensive and intensive with stocking rates of 1–3, 3–10 and 10–50 m-2 respectively. Sustainable development has been defined by FAO as the management and conservation of the natural resources base and the orientation of technological and institutional change in such a manner as to ensure the attainment and continued satisfaction of human needs for present and future generations. The chapter presents a figure that illustrates the environmental and socioeconomic consequences of shrimp culture, and the negative aspects appear to outnumber the positive. The environmental effects of shrimp farming include the deterioration of water quality due to input of artificial feeds which contain nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter.
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References
International Introductions of Inland Aquatic Species
TL;DR: International introductions of inland aqatic speciec, International introduction of inland analsis, and so on.
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•Journal Article
Global Status of Mangrove Ecosystems.
453
Socio‐economic impacts of shrimp culture
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380
A nutrient budget of some intensive marine shrimp ponds in Thailand
M.R.P. Briggs,S.J. Fvnge-Smith +1 more
TL;DR: The results derived from the nutrient budget provide data which may help define effective management techniques for reducing potentially harmful nutrient levels within intensive shrimp ponds, and for reducing the discharge of nutrients to the local environment.
320
The use of immunostimulatory substances in fish and shellfish farming
TL;DR: The chemical structure of various immunostimulants and their mode of action on the immune system and disease resistance of fish and shrimp are described and the current experience and future prospects of using immunostIMulants to reduce disease threats in aquaculture are discussed.
277