Treating the Developing Brain: Implications from Human Imaging and Mouse Genetics
TL;DR: Behavioral and brain changes that occur across development are reviewed, focusing on the period of adolescence, when there is a peak in diagnosis of many psychiatric disorders.
read more
Abstract: A fundamental issue in psychiatric medicine is the lack of empirical evidence indicating when, during development, a treatment will be most effective for a patient. We review behavioral and brain changes that occur across development, focusing on the period of adolescence, when there is a peak in diagnosis of many psychiatric disorders. We use anxiety disorders as an example because of their high prevalence in youth (affecting as many as 1 in 10). Basic forms of fear learning, which are at the core of anxiety disorders and are the targets of behavioral therapeutics, are examined as a function of age. We also discuss how fear learning has been genetically modulated in mice and humans. Based on these findings, we provide future directions for determining the efficacy of innovative therapies and preventive strategies for anxiety disorders as a function of age and potential genetic effects inferred from mice and humans.
read more
Chat with Paper
AI Agents for this Paper
Find similar papers on Google Scholar, PubMed and Arxiv
Write a critical review of this paper
Analyze citations of this paper to find unaddressed research gaps
Citations
The Genetics of Stress-Related Disorders: PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders.
TL;DR: Evidence for genetic contributions to PTSD, MDD, and the anxiety disorders including genetic epidemiology, the role of common genetic variation, the roles of rare and structural variation, andThe role of gene–environment interaction are summarized.
418
Stress and the adolescent brain: Amygdala-prefrontal cortex circuitry and ventral striatum as developmental targets.
Nim Tottenham,Adriana Galván +1 more
TL;DR: The human literature on the associations between stress-exposure and developmental changes in amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and ventral striatal dopaminergic systems during the adolescent period is reviewed, providing putative mechanisms to explain why affective processes that emerge during adolescence are particularly sensitive to environmental influences.
275
The Adolescent Brain and the Emergence and Peak of Psychopathology
Alisa Powers,B. J. Casey +1 more
TL;DR: Recent human imaging and animal studies that demarcate adolescent specific changes in brain and behavior that may help to explain this period of heightened emotionality and increased risk for psychopathology are reviewed.
134
Duty-hour limits and patient care and resident outcomes: can high-quality studies offer insight into complex relationships?
Ingrid Philibert,Thomas J. Nasca,Thomas J. Nasca,Timothy P. Brigham,Timothy P. Brigham,Jane A. Shapiro +5 more
TL;DR: A systematic review confirms that limiting duty hours increases residents' hours of sleep and improves objective measures of alertness, and finds a mixed effect on patient safety and evidence of reduced continuity of care and reduced continuity in residents' clinical education.
133
Individual-specific functional connectivity of the amygdala: A substrate for precision psychiatry.
Chad M. Sylvester,Qiongru Yu,A Benjamin Srivastava,A Benjamin Srivastava,Scott Marek,Annie Zheng,Dimitrios Alexopoulos,Christopher D. Smyser,Joshua S. Shimony,Mario Ortega,Donna L. Dierker,Gaurav H. Patel,Steven M. Nelson,Steven M. Nelson,Steven M. Nelson,Adrian W. Gilmore,Kathleen B. McDermott,Jeffrey J. Berg,Andrew T. Drysdale,Michael T. Perino,Abraham Z. Snyder,Ryan V. Raut,Timothy O. Laumann,Evan M. Gordon,Evan M. Gordon,Evan M. Gordon,M Deanna,Cynthia E. Rogers,Deanna J. Greene,Marcus E. Raichle,Nico U.F. Dosenbach +30 more
TL;DR: A detailed framework of amygdala–cortical interactions is provided that can be used as a foundation for models relating aberrations in amygdala connectivity to psychiatric symptoms in individual patients.
126
References
Emotion Circuits in the Brain
TL;DR: The field of neuroscience has, after a long period of looking the other way, again embraced emotion as an important research area, and much of the progress has come from studies of fear, and especially fear conditioning as mentioned in this paper.
8.2K
Lifetime Prevalence of Mental Disorders in U.S. Adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A)
Kathleen R. Merikangas,Jian-Ping He,Marcy Burstein,Sonja A. Swanson,Shelli Avenevoli,Lihong Cui,Corina Benjet,Katholiki Georgiades,Joel Swendsen +8 more
TL;DR: Estimates of the lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders with and without severe impairment, their comorbidity across broad classes of disorder, and their sociodemographic correlates are presented to provide the first prevalence data on a broad range of mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents.
5.5K
Emotion Circuits in the Brain
Joseph E. LeDoux
- 01 Apr 2009
TL;DR: This work has pinpointed the amygdala as an important component of the system involved in the acquisition, storage, and expression of fear memory and has elucidated in detail how stimuli enter, travel through, and exit the amygdala.
3.4K
Neurobiology of depression.
Eric J. Nestler,Michel Barrot,Ralph J. DiLeone,Amelia J. Eisch,Stephen J. Gold,Lisa M. Monteggia +5 more
TL;DR: A neurobiologic understanding of depression also requires identification of the genes that make individuals vulnerable or resistant to the syndrome, and advances will fundamentally improve the treatment and prevention of depression.
3K
The amygdala: vigilance and emotion
Michael Davis,Paul J. Whalen +1 more
TL;DR: A review of available studies examining the human amygdala covers both lesion and electrical stimulation studies as well as the most recent functional neuroimaging studies, and attempts to integrate basic information on normal amygdala function with the current understanding of psychiatric disorders, including pathological anxiety.
3K
Related Papers (5)
[...]