Book Chapter10.1007/3-540-27738-2_12
Transient Ischemic Attacks
Hakan Ay,Achim Gass +1 more
- 01 Jan 2006
- pp 185-192
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TL;DR: 5 risk factors independently associated with a higher 3-month risk of recurrent stroke in a large emergency department–based TIA cohort were identified and sex, ethnicity, previous diagnoses of coronary artery disease or hypertension, current cigarette smoking, antiplatelet or anticoagulant-use at presentation and presentation blood pressure did not predict early stroke.
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Abstract: In recent years, it has become clear that the risk of stroke after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor ischemic stroke is higher than was previously supposed, with consistent reports of 7-day stroke risks of up to 10%,1–4 and other evidence of the very short time-window for prevention of stroke after a TIA.5 However, patients with TIA and minor stroke are a highly heterogeneous group in terms of symptoms, risk factors and underlying pathology, and the early risk of recurrent stroke is likely to vary between different clinical and etiological subtypes. In order to appropriately target secondary prevention, we therefore need reliable data on risk in particular subgroups and ideally in individuals. Recent studies have provided some useful data, although many important issues are still unresolved.
There is good evidence that the presenting clinical features of a TIA provide considerable prognostic information. Johnston and colleagues identified 5 risk factors independently associated with a higher 3-month risk of recurrent stroke in a large emergency department–based TIA cohort: age >60 years (OR=1.8; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.9), symptom duration >10 minutes (2.3, 1.3 to 4.2), weakness (1.9, 1.4 to 2.6), speech impairment (1.5, 1.1 to 2.1), and diabetes mellitus (2.1, 1.1 to 2.7).1 A simple index with 1 point for each risk factor was useful in estimating risk at 3 months, which varied from 0% in patients with no risk factors to 34% in those with 5 risk factors, and also differentiated between risk groups during the first few days after the TIA.1 Isolated sensory or visual symptoms were associated with a low risk of stroke, and sex, ethnicity, previous diagnoses of coronary artery disease or hypertension, current cigarette smoking, antiplatelet or anticoagulant-use at presentation and presentation blood pressure did not predict early stroke.1,6
Rothwell and …
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Citations
Factors Associated With a High Risk of Recurrence in Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke
Angel Ois,Meritxell Gomis,Ana Rodríguez-Campello,Elisa Cuadrado-Godia,Jordi Jiménez-Conde,Claustre Pont-Sunyer,Gracia Cuccurella,Jaume Roquer +7 more
TL;DR: An arterial study to discard SSAD would be necessary, in combination with clinical factors, to improve the identification of patients with a higher risk of 90-day recurrence after an initial minor stroke or TIA.
Approaches to improving brain protection in cardiac and aortic surgery : an experimental study in a porcine model with hypertonic saline dextran, levosimendan, leukocyte depleting filter and different acid base management strategies
Hanna Kaakinen
- 01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: The results of this work suggest that HSD could be assessed in human trials, that levosimendan needs further studies to optimize its potential, that the LDF functions as designed and that the differences between the αand the pH-stat acid-base management strategies with SCP did not differ in moderate hypothermia.
[Stroke: causes and classification].
TL;DR: The typical causes of each of the four main groups of cerebrovascular disease are summarized and clinical differences are pointed out.
8
Temporary Is Not Always Benign: Similarities and Differences Between Transient Ischemic Attack and Angina
Antonio Carolei,Francesca Pistoia,Simona Sacco,J.P. Mohr +3 more
- 01 Jul 2013
TL;DR: It could be argued that TIA differs from angina as the brain differs from the heart in structure, physiology, metabolism, and performance, whereas in TIA and unstable angina, the reversible nature of symptoms cannot be assumed as a favorable prognostic indicator.
5
•Dissertation
The role of socio-emotional factors for cognitive health in later life
Krister Håkansson
- 07 Oct 2016
TL;DR: With increasing life expectancies in most parts of the world, the prevalence of dementia and other age-related chronic diseases is growing and several factors affect future projections.
5
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