Journal Article10.1021/ACS.MACROMOL.8B00442
Transformable Materials: Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) Gels by Controlled Radical Polymerization
Julia Cuthbert,Antoine Béziau,Eric Gottlieb,Liye Fu,Rui Yuan,Anna C. Balazs,Tomasz Kowalewski,Krzysztof Matyjaszewski +7 more
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TL;DR: In this article, STEM gels are synthesized by controlled radical polymerization (CRP) and the resulting gels were infiltrated with a second monomer, which formed side chains grafted from the inimer sites by photoactivated ATRP.
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Abstract: Structurally tailored and engineered macromolecular (STEM) gels constitute part of an emerging field of smart materials. STEM gels are polymer networks containing latent initiator sites available for postsynthesis modification. STEM gels synthesized by controlled radical polymerization (CRP) are presented. First, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was used to copolymerize (meth)acrylate monomer, di(meth)acrylate cross-linker, and inimer for the subsequent atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) grafting-from process. The resulting STEM gels were infiltrated with a second monomer, which formed side chains grafted from the inimer sites by photoactivated ATRP. This approach permits significant spatial and temporal control over the structure of the resulting material. Here, the technique was used to transform primary STEM gels into single-piece amphiphilic and hard/soft materials.
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Citations
Dynamic Covalent Polymer Networks: A Molecular Platform for Designing Functions beyond Chemical Recycling and Self-Healing.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of the above progress with particular focus on molecular design strategies for the exploitation of functional material properties, and point out the remaining issues and offer perspectives on how this class of materials can shape the future in ways that are complementary with classical thermoplastic and thermoset polymers.
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Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications
Nathaniel Corrigan,Kenward Jung,Graeme Moad,Craig J. Hawker,Krzysztof Matyjaszewski,Cyrille Boyer +5 more
TL;DR: Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) as mentioned in this paper is one of the most widely used techniques in polymer synthesis. But it has not yet been widely used in the field of biomedical applications.
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Seeing the Light: Advancing Materials Chemistry through Photopolymerization.
TL;DR: This work highlights the utility of light as an energy source for mediating photopolymerization, and presents some promising examples of systems which are advancing materials production through their exploitation of photochemistry.
Externally controlled atom transfer radical polymerization.
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to highlight the use of external regulations in ATRP and to summarize the state-of-the-art and future perspectives, focusing on mechanistic aspects, synthetic procedures, preparation of polymers with complex architectures and functional materials, and their applications.
352
Polymer Networks: From Plastics and Gels to Porous Frameworks.
TL;DR: A unifying overview of the fundamentals of polymer network synthesis, structure, and properties is provided, tying together recent trends in the field that are not always associated with classical polymer networks, such as the advent of crystalline "framework" materials.
268
References
Hydrogels in Biology and Medicine: From Molecular Principles to Bionanotechnology†
TL;DR: This work highlights recent developments in engineering uncrosslinked and crosslinked hydrophilic polymers for biomedical and biological applications and shows how such systems' intelligent behavior can be used in sensors, microarrays, and imaging.
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP): Current Status and Future Perspectives
TL;DR: The current status and future perspectives in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) are presented in this paper, with a special emphasis on mechanistic understanding of ATRP, recent synthetic and process development, and new controlled polymer architectures enabled by ATRP.
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Photodegradable Hydrogels for Dynamic Tuning of Physical and Chemical Properties
April M. Kloxin,Andrea M. Kasko,Andrea M. Kasko,Chelsea N. Salinas,Chelsea N. Salinas,Kristi S. Anseth,Kristi S. Anseth +6 more
TL;DR: A strategy to create photodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)–based hydrogels through rapid polymerization of cytocompatible macromers for remote manipulation of gel properties in situ is reported.