Open Access
The Reactions of Lignin during Pulping. A Description and Comparison of Conventional Pulping Processes
Josef Gierer
- 04 Jun 1970
80
TL;DR: In this article, the main reactions of lignin during alkali-, sulphate-, neutral sulphite-and acidic sulphite pulping have been studied using appropriate model compounds.
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Abstract: : The main reactions of lignin during alkali-, sulphate-, neutral sulphite- and acidic sulphite pulping have been studied using appropriate model compounds. The results allow an outline of the most important pathways of lignin degradation during these processes, which are summarized in two schemes. Condensation reactions limiting the lignin degradation to varying extents are briefly discussed. The formation of leucochromophoric groups during the pulping processes and their conversion into chromophores are briefly reviewed. Some experiments with isolated lignins supporting the proposed mechanisms of degradation are described. (Author)
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Citations
2 Chloro 4,4,5,5 tetramethyl 1,3,2 dioxaphospholane, a reagent for the accurate determination of the uncondensed and condensed phenolic moieties in lignins
TL;DR: The use of 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane as a reagent in quantitative 31P NMR analysis of the hydroxyl groups in lignins has been thoroughly examined, and an experimental protocol recommended for spectra acquisition has been developed as discussed by the authors.
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Chemistry of delignification
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed various pulping and bleaching reactions in the light of a general concept dividing these reactions into nucleophilic and electrophilic categories, and showed that pulping is due to the action of external n-philic species attacking electron-deficient centres in carbonyl and conjugated carbonyls.
419
Chapter 10 – Industrial Commercial Lignins: Sources, Properties and Applications
Jairo Lora
- 01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, the interest of industrial lignins as materials, rather than fuels, was reviewed with an emphasis on their structural differences and hence their different domains of applications, including the unique polyelectrolyte features associated with lignosulphonates.
266
Isolation and characterization of novel bacterial strains exhibiting ligninolytic potential
TL;DR: In this article, soil bacteria were isolated by enrichment on Kraft lignin and evaluated for their ligninolytic potential as a source of novel enzymes for waste-lignin valorization.