The microbial pan-genome

TL;DR: It is discussed how ecological processes governing the assembly of metazoan communities can be adapted to describe microbial ecologies in host-associated environments, resulting in both niche-specific and 'core' metabolic and other pathways maintained throughout the human microbiome.

TL;DR: Metagenomics can yield insights into gene content variation of strains in complex communities, which cannot be predicted by phylogenetic marker genes alone, and shows that accessory genes that differ considerably between individuals can encode important functions, such as poly Saccharide utilization and capsular polysaccharide synthesis loci.

TL;DR: The developed tool, named PanGP, has integrated two sampling algorithms, totally random (TR) and distance guide (DG), and the DG algorithm exhibited overwhelming advantage on accuracy and stability than the TR algorithm.

TL;DR: To design the vaccines of the future the authors need to fully exploit microbial genomes and understand the basic mechanisms of the immune system.

TL;DR: Over 1.2 million previously unknown genes represented in these samples, including more than 782 new rhodopsin-like photoreceptors are identified, suggesting substantial oceanic microbial diversity.

TL;DR: The genomic sequence of six strains representing the five major disease-causing serotypes of Streptococcus agalactiae, the main cause of neonatal infection in humans, was generated and Mathematical extrapolation of the data suggests that the gene reservoir available for inclusion in the S. agalactic pan-genome is vast and that unique genes will continue to be identified even after sequencing hundreds of genomes.

TL;DR: Mobile elements within genomes have driven genome evolution in diverse ways and are becoming useful tools for learning more about genome evolution and gene function.

TL;DR: The current review presents the available genomics and biological data on prophages from bacterial pathogens in an evolutionary framework to demonstrate that the chromosomes from bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophages) are coevolving.