Journal Article10.1111/J.1468-5922.2009.01773.X
The embodied mind
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TL;DR: This paper considers Fonagy et al's concept of mentalization and contrasts aspects of this with aspects of Bion's model of the mind, and argues that although mentalization adds to the understanding of mind it has limitations; that it may tend to over-emphasize certain types of external interaction between infant and carer and under-emphasis internal psychobiological processes.
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Abstract: This paper considers Fonagy et al's concept of mentalization and contrasts aspects of this with aspects of Bion's model of the mind. The author argues that although mentalization adds to our understanding of mind it has limitations; that it may tend to over-emphasize certain types of external interaction between infant and carer and under-emphasize internal psychobiological processes. What is at issue here is the way in which an infant's carers facilitate the development of meaning out of experience. Bion's concept supposes a relatively ‘interior’ model in which, in important ways, the carer enables the infant to derive the meaning of his or her experience, whilst on the other hand Fonagy et al tend to talk more in terms of the ways in which the carer endows the infant's experience with meaning. Reference is made to Fordham's concept of states of ‘Identity’. Fordham has pointed out that Freud's model is one in which mind is conceived of as evolving out of an infant's complex identifications with his or her carer(s); Jung's model envisages developmentally early states of identity as the means by which inherent capacities are realized.
Translations of Abstract
Cet article evoque le concept de mentalisation elabore par Fonagy et collegues. et en compare certains aspects au modele de l'esprit chez Bion. Si la mentalisation enrichit notre comprehension de l'esprit, elle comporte, selon l'auteur, des limites; elle aurait tendance a nous faire surestimer certains types d'interactions externes enfant-parent et sous-estimer les processus psychosomatiques internes. Ce qui est en jeu ici est la facon dont le parent ou la personne qui en tient lieu favorise le processus de formation du sens a partir de l'experience. Le concept de Bion suppose un modele relativement ‘ interieur ’ ou, dans une mesure considerable, le parent permet au petit enfant d'extraire le sens de l'experience. Fonagy et coll. parleraient plutot quant a eux de la maniere dont le parent dote de sens l'experience du petit enfant. Il est fait reference au concept d'etats d' ‘identite’ de Fordham. Celui-ci souligne que, dans le modele de Freud, l'esprit est envisage comme se developpant a partir d'identifications parentales complexes; dans le modele de Jung, il est possible d'envisager des etats precoces d'identitea partir desquels s'actualisent les capacites inherentes a chaque individu.
Dieser Text behandelt das Konzept der Mentalisierung von Fornagy und anderen und kontrastiert Aspekte desselben mit Bions Modell des Geistes. Der Autor argumentiert dahingehend, das, obgleich Mentalisierung einen Beitrag zu unserem Verstandnis des Geistes und seiner Beschrankungen leistet, es zu einer Uberbetonung von bestimmtes Arten externaler Interaktion zwischen Kind und Bezugsperson tendiere, interne psychosomatische Prozesse dagegen unterbewerte. Hier steht zur Debatte in welcher Weise Bezugspersonen von Kindern die Entwicklung von Bedeutungen aus Erfahrungen heraus unterstutzen. Bions Konzept geht von einem relativ ‘inneren’ Modell aus bei dem, auf wichtige Art und Weise, die Bezugsperson das Kind befahigt, die Bedeutung seiner oder ihrer Erfahrung abzuleiten, wahrend auf der anderen Seite Fornagy und andere dazu neigen mehr daruber zu sprechen, wie die Bezugsperson in den Erfahrungen des Kindes Bedeutung stiften kann. Es wird Bezug genommen auf Fordhams Konzept der Ebenen der Identitatsbildung. Fordham hat herausgearbeitet, das Freuds Modell zu jenen gehort, in denen der Geist empfangen wird und sich herausentwickelt aus den komplexhaften Identifikationen des Kindes mit seiner Bezugsperson; Jungs Modell betrachtet fruhe Entwicklungsstadien der Identitat als Bedingungen, unter welchen innere Fahigkeiten bemerkbar werden.
In questo lavoro viene preso in considerazione il concetto di mentalizzazione di Fonagy e altri e si contrappongono aspetti di questo con aspetti del modello bioniano della mente. L'autore sostiene che, sebbene il concetto di Mentalizzazione aumenti la nostra conoscenza della mente, esso ha i suoi limiti; e cioe tende a sopravvalutare certi tipi di interazione esterna tra il bambino e il caregiver e a sottovalutare dei processi interni psicosomatici. Cio che qui e in discussione e il modo in cui il caregiver del bambino facilita lo sviluppo del significato a partire dall'esperienza. Il concetto bioniano presuppone un modello relativamente ‘interiore’ dal quale, in modi significativi, il caregiver permette al bambino di derivare egli stesso il significato della propria esperienza, mentre d'altro canto Fonagy e altri tendono a parlare piu in termini del come il caregiver fornisce di significato l'esperienza del bambino. Ci si riferisce al concetto di Fordham di stati di ‘Identita’. Fordham ha sottolineato il fatto che nel modello di Freud la mente e concepita come qualcosa che si evolve da complesse identificazioni del bambino con il caregiver; il modello di Jung considera da un punto di vista evolutivo precoci stati di identita come i mezzi attraverso i quali vengono realizzate capacita intrinseche.
Este documento considera al concepto de la Mentalizacion elaborado por Fonagy y colaboradores y compara aspectos del mismo con los del modelo de la mente de Bion. El autor sostiene que, aunque la Mentalizacion amplia nuestra comprension de la mente tiene sus limitaciones, que pueden tender a sobre-enfatizar ciertos tipos de interaccion exterior entre el cuidador y el nino y subestimar los procesos psicosomaticos internos. Lo que se cuestiona aqui es la forma en la cual un cuidador infantil facilita el desarrollo del sentido a partir de la experiencia. El concepto de Bion supone un modelo ‘interior’ relativo en el cual, en forma significativa, el cuidador permite al nino cargar de sentido sus experiencias, mientras que por otro lado Fonagy y col. tienden a hablar mas en terminos de las formas en las cuales el cuidador otorga sentido a la experiencia infantil. Se hace referencia al concepto de Fordham de los estados de “identidad”. Fordham ha senalado que en el modelo de Freud la mente se concibe como la evolucion de un complejo infantil de identificacion del nino o la nina con su cuidador(s); Jung contempla el modelo de desarrollo de los estados de identidad tempranos como los medios por los cuales se realizan las capacidades internas.
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