Synthesis and Stoichiometry of Different Layered Sodium Cobalt Oxides
TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of ex situ XRD on as-synthesized samples, with in situ xRD to monitor the relation between Na content and lattice parameters, was used to construct a phase diagram of NaxCoO2.
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Abstract: Layered Na–metal oxides can form in different crystal structures, each with different electrochemical behavior. As a prototype system to better understand how each phase can be formed, we present the conditions under which different layered phases of NaxCoO2 can be stabilized in solid-state synthesis. Using a novel combination of ex situ XRD on as-synthesized samples, with in situ XRD to monitor the relation between Na content and lattice parameters, we are able to construct a phase diagram of NaxCoO2 between 450 to 750 °C in air and for Na:Co sample ratios ranging from 0.60 to 1.05. Four single phase domains of O3, O′3, P′3, and P2 are revealed based on the XRD analysis. In contrast to previous reports it is found that pure O3, O′3 and P′3 phase can only form at a fixed stoichiometry of x = 1.00, 0.83, and 0.67, respectively, while the P2 phase forms in a slightly larger composition range from 0.68 to 0.76. Galvanostatic charging of O3–Na1.00CoO2 shows several flat and sloping regions on the voltage prof...
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P2-type Nax[Fe1/2Mn1/2]O2 made from earth-abundant elements for rechargeable Na batteries
Naoaki Yabuuchi,Masataka Kajiyama,Junichi Iwatate,Heisuke Nishikawa,Shuji Hitomi,Ryoichi Okuyama,Ryo Usui,Yasuhiro Yamada,Shinichi Komaba +8 more
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Kazunori Takada,Hiroya Sakurai,Eiji Takayama-Muromachi,Fujio Izumi,Ruben A. Dilanian,Takayoshi Sasaki +5 more
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Shyue Ping Ong,Vincent Chevrier,Geoffroy Hautier,Anubhav Jain,Charles J. Moore,Sangtae Kim,Xiaohua Ma,Gerbrand Ceder +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the difference between Na-ion and Li-ion based intercalation chemistries in terms of three key battery properties, voltage, phase stability and diffusion barriers was compared.