Synaptic or Non-synaptic? Different Intercellular Interactions with Retinal Ganglion Cells in Optic Nerve Regeneration
Qi Zhang,Yiqing Li,Yehong Zhuo +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the extracellular influences following optic nerve injury were summarized as intercellular interactions with RGCs and classified these interactions as synaptic and non-synaptic, respectively.
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Abstract: Axons of adult neurons in the mammalian central nervous system generally fail to regenerate by themselves, and few if any therapeutic options exist to reverse this situation. Due to a weak intrinsic potential for axon growth and the presence of strong extrinsic inhibitors, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) cannot regenerate their axons spontaneously after optic nerve injury and eventually undergo apoptosis, resulting in permanent visual dysfunction. Regarding the extracellular environment, research to date has generally focused on glial cells and inflammatory cells, while few studies have discussed the potentially significant role of interneurons that make direct connections with RGCs as part of the complex retinal circuitry. In this study, we provide a novel angle to summarize these extracellular influences following optic nerve injury as "intercellular interactions" with RGCs and classify these interactions as synaptic and non-synaptic. By discussing current knowledge of non-synaptic (glial cells and inflammatory cells) and synaptic (mostly amacrine cells and bipolar cells) interactions, we hope to accentuate the previously neglected but significant effects of pre-synaptic interneurons and bring unique insights into future pursuit of optic nerve regeneration and visual function recovery.
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Citations
Non-Classical Intercellular Communications: Basic Mechanisms and Roles in Biology and Medicine
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors describe various types of non-classical intercellular interactions and communications, such as extracellular vesicles and membrane protrusions, and explore the mechanisms underlying their formation and present current data that reveal their roles in multiple biological processes.
Selective deletion of zinc transporter 3 in amacrine cells promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and optic nerve regeneration after injury
Zhe Liu,Jing Xue,Canying Liu,Jiahui Tang,Siting Wu,Jicheng Lin,Jiaxu Han,Caiqing Wu,Haishun Huang,Ling Zhao,Yehong Zhuo,Yiqing Li +11 more
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper conditionally knocked out zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) in amacrine cells or retinal ganglion cells to construct two transgenic mouse lines and obtained direct evidence that the rapidly increased mobile Zn2+) level increased after optic nerve injury in the retina, specifically in the vesicles of the inner plexiform layer.
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