Journal Article10.1046/J.1365-2923.1998.00227.X
Survey research methods
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TL;DR: Surveys vary in their purposes, in the methods they use for collecting data, and in the timeframes in which they operate (from the 24 hours for a political `eve of poll' survey, to the 10 years or so that it can take to publish some of the more complex census data).
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Abstract: If you were to ask a person in the street what they knew about surveys, they would almost certainly mention opinion polls, possibly the census, and they might also mention market research surveys. If you pressed them a little further, they might comment about the fact that opinion polls were fun to follow if there wasn't any other news in the papers or on TV, but that they seemed to get the wrong answers much of the time. Mention of the census might be accompanied by comments about its infrequency these days, while market research surveys might prompt re ̄ections about interviewers stopping you in the street, or phoning you at home. If you think about your own experiences with surveys, you may be able to identify a wider range of approaches and purposes for surveys. You will certainly have read the headlines in the newspapers about controversial or unexpected ®ndings that have emerged from some survey or other. There may well have been in-depth articles or TV programmes discussing the ®ndings, or following up the implications of the ®ndings from some survey. However, it is usually only in professional journals that detailed articles give the sort of technical details which allow you to make some judgement about the quality of the survey and hence the reliability of its ®ndings. So what conclusions can you draw from all this? From the experience you already have of surveys, you can conclude that they vary in their purposes, in the methods they use for collecting data, in the timeframes in which they operate (from the 24 hours for a political `eve of poll' survey, to the 10 years or so that it can take to publish some of the more complex census data. They also vary in quality. What they all have in common are key methodological and practical issues that have to be resolved prior to ®eldwork, and data collection, transformation and analysis concerns to resolve prior to the presentation and dissemination of the ®ndings. THE NEED FOR SURVEYS IN MEDICINE
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