Journal Article10.1134/S1061933X0806001X
Surface instabilities
A. Ya. Malkin
- 01 Dec 2008
22
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review of the physical properties of convective instabilities at the interface of a free surface is presented. But the authors focused on the effect of the elasticity of a flowing liquid, which is inherent to polymer solutions and melts, on the character of interaction between the liquid and the solid wall.
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Abstract: This review is devoted to the comprehensive description of instabilities of different types that appear at the interface due to various physical reasons. The conditions and mechanisms of the disintegration of jets and droplets under the action of surface forces, beginning with the classical Rayleigh disintegration and ending with the current notions of the dependence of the critical value of Capillary Number on the ratio between phase viscosities in single droplets and concentrated emulsions, are considered. Physical mechanisms and criteria of the development of convective instabilities of different types, including the formation of the dissipative structures of Taylor-Benard types as consequences of thermal convection and the formation of Marangoni-Benard cells due to the nonuniformity of surface tension, as well as the instability of mass transfer through the interface in multicomponent systems resulted in the formation of regular cellular structure are compared. The attention was focused on the effect of the elasticity of a flowing liquid, which is inherent to polymer solutions and melts, on the character of interaction between the liquid and the solid wall. The set of surface phenomena observed in this case is described and relevant physical mechanisms of instability resulted in the formation of regular structures (“periodic defects”) on the jet surface are discussed. The problem of the development of edge instability on a free surface upon rotational flows is touched upon. An ample set of versatile phenomena that occur at the interface in stratified flows is briefly illustrated by the Kelvin-Helmholtz, Rayleigh-Taylor, and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities.
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