Superconducting cosmic strings

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the important progress made in recent years towards understanding the experimental data on ultra-high-energy (E ≳ 1 0 9 GeV ) cosmic rays.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the very large array (VLA) to carry out a multifrequency, polarimetric study of the non-thermal filaments (NTFs), G0.08+0.15, and G359.09, also known as the Northern and Southern Threads (Morris & Yusef-Zadeh 1985).

Abstract: The effect of charge on a vortex world-sheet is examined. The relationship between world-sheet charge, winding number, and the flow of momentum along the vortex is illuminated. Full solutions for bosonic field and current profiles are obtained numerically. Both the string energy per unit length and tension are calculated. As an application stationary circular string solutions are studied. We find that except possibly for extreme cases rings stabilized by winding number alone do not exist. The role of angular momentum in stabilizing a ring is then discussed, emphasizing its model independent nature, and it is shown that in this case stationary spinning ring solutions, called vortons, are easily found. In a cosmological setting this can lead to a massive overdensity of vortons equivalent to a monopole problem.

TL;DR: In this article, the mechanical properties of macroscopic electromagnetically coupled string models in a flat or curved background are treated using a covariant formalism allowing the construction of a duality transformation that relates the category of uniform “electric” string models, constructed as the (nonconducting) charged generalisation of ordinary uncoupled (violin type) elastic strings, to a category of “magnetic" string models comprising recently discussed varieties of superconducting cosmic strings.

TL;DR: The formation, physical properties and the cosmological evolution of various defects are reviewed, including the string scenario of galaxy formation and possible observational effects of strings.

TL;DR: This work has considered four models in which the conformal invariance of electromagnetism is broken and the primeval magnetic fields which result can have astrophysically interesting strengths, but are very model-dependent.

TL;DR: In this article, the formation, physical properties and cosmological evolution of various topological defects such as vacuum domain walls, strings, walls bounded by strings, and monopoles connected by strings are reviewed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that a complete description of the fermion-vortex system should include a fermanion-scalar field interaction. And they show that an index theorem exists for this Dirac equation on the non-compact space R 2.