Structural Basis of Low-pH-Dependent Lysosomal Cholesterol Egress by NPC1 and NPC2.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe decades of research aimed at identifying key molecules and cellular players involved in each main aspect of hepatic cholesterol metabolism and summarize the recent advances regarding the biological processes of liver cholesterol transport and its role in NAFLD and atherosclerosis.

TL;DR: The Hedgehog (Hh) receptor PTCH1 uses its transporter-like function to inhibit the GPCR SMO by limiting the pool of accessible membrane cholesterol, which acts as a ligand for SMO to activate downstream signaling.

TL;DR: The role of non-vesicular lipid transport has been discussed in this article, where a review describes what we know about non-veto lipid transfer mechanisms while also identifying many remaining unknowns: How do LTPs facilitate lipid movement from and into membranes, do LTLTPs require accessory proteins for efficient transfer in vivo, and how is directionality of transport determined?

TL;DR: Biochemical and structural studies surprisingly reveal a central role for lipids in the Hedgehog signal activity, and provide new insights into the therapeutic potential of modulating Hedgehog signalling in tissue regeneration.

TL;DR: Coot is a molecular-graphics program designed to assist in the building of protein and other macromolecular models and the current state of development and available features are presented.

TL;DR: The PHENIX software for macromolecular structure determination is described and its uses and benefits are described.

TL;DR: MotionCor2 software corrects for beam-induced sample motion, improving the resolution of cryo-EM reconstructions.

TL;DR: A new method was developed to acquire images automatically at a series of specimen tilts, as required for tomographic reconstruction, using changes in specimen position at previous tilt angles to predict the position at the current tilt angle.