Specimen collection: An essential tool

TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight emerging insights, which stress the importance of mountain building through time as a generator and reservoir of biodiversity, and discuss recently proposed parallels between surface uplift, habitat formation and species diversification.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the importance of identifying the key aims in monitor- ing programs and outlines the different methods of sampling freshwater fish that can be used to meet these aims, emphasizing that investigators must address is- sues around sampling design, statistical power, species detectability, taxonomy and ethics in their monitoring programmes.

TL;DR: The main historic drivers of extinctions on islands, patterns in extinction chronologies between islands, and the potential for restoring ecosystems through reintroducing extirpated species are reviewed.

TL;DR: How the intersection between pressing issues in environmental and human health and rapid technological innovation have reinforced the relevance of museum collections is explored.

TL;DR: It is shown that the higher taxonomic classification of species follows a consistent and predictable pattern from which the total number of species in a taxonomic group can be estimated, and when applied to all domains of life, it predicts ∼8.7 million eukaryotic species globally.

TL;DR: Reanalyzed the extinctions included in the IUCN Red List database on a species-by-species basis and reassessed the role of invasive species in those extinctions, finding that the results agree with those of recent statistical analyses.

TL;DR: A review of recent studies shows heterogeneity in the magnitude and direction of size responses, exposing a need for large-scale phylogenetically controlled comparative analyses of temporal size change as mentioned in this paper, which will increase both understanding of the underlying mechanisms and physiological consequences of size shifts and therefore, the ability to predict the sensitivities of species to climate change.

TL;DR: Given that the major threat is overfishing, accompanied by a general absence and/or poor application of fishery management, the prognosis for restoration and successful conservation of Threatened species is poor.