Speciation in amazonian forest birds.

TL;DR: Any event that increases the efficiency of the predators at eating seeds and seedlings of a given tree species may lead to a reduction in population density of the adults of that species and/or to increased distance between new adults and their parents.

TL;DR: Hybrid zones are narrow regions in which genetically distinct populations meet, mate, and produce hybrids, and models of parapatric speciation, and of Wright's "shifting balance," involve the formation, move­ ment, and modification of hybrid zones.

TL;DR: It is shown that Andean uplift was crucial for the evolution of Amazonian landscapes and ecosystems, and that current biodiversity patterns are rooted deep in the pre-Quaternary.

TL;DR: Two major hypotheses for the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient are reviewed, including the time and area hypothesis and the diversification rate hypothesis, which hold that tropical regions diversify faster due to higher rates of speciation, or due to lower extinction rates.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that around the beginning of the Cenozoic, South America received a few wait immigrants-marsupials, edentates, ungulates-that reached the continent across a water barrier.

TL;DR: In this paper, the uppermost 32 meters of a 2436 metre core principally of lake sediments, Pleistocene and Holocene in age from the Sabana de Bogota were analysed for its pollen content, at intervals of 10-15 cm.