Space weather
Andrew Richards
TL;DR: Space weather is caused by conditions on the Sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere that can affect human-made systems and human life.
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Abstract: Space weather is caused by conditions on the Sun and in the solar wind, the magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere that can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems and can affect human life or health. It affects man-made systems such as satellite electronics, terrestrial power grids and radio communications. This paper provides an overview of how space weather arises in the solar–terrestrial system and how physical processes are able to cause space weather effects. We also discuss European perspectives and activities geared towards the possible initiation of a European Space Weather programme.
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References
EIT: Extreme-UltraViolet Imaging Telescope for the SOHO Mission
Jean-Pierre Delaboudiniere,G. E. Artzner,Jacqueline Brunaud,A. H. Gabriel,Jean-François Hochedez,F. Millier,X. Y. Song,B. Au,Kenneth P. Dere,Russell A. Howard,R. W. Kreplin,D. J. Michels,John D. Moses,Jean-Marc Defise,Claude Jamar,Pierre Rochus,J. P. Chauvineau,J. P. Marioge,R. C. Catura,James R. Lemen,L. Shing,Robert A. Stern,Joseph B. Gurman,Werner M. Neupert,A. Maucherat,Frédéric Clette,P. Cugnon,E. L. Van Dessel +27 more
TL;DR: The Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) as discussed by the authors provides wide-field images of the corona and transition region on the solar disc and up to 1.5 R⊙ above the solar limb.
The Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO)
Guenter E. Brueckner,R. A. Howard,M. J. Koomen,Clarence M. Korendyke,D. J. Michels,John D. Moses,Dennis G. Socker,Kenneth P. Dere,Philippe Lamy,Antoine Llebaria,M. V. Bout,Rainer Schwenn,G. M. Simnett,D. K. Bedford,C. J. Eyles +14 more
TL;DR: The Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) is a three coronagraph package which has been jointly developed for the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission by the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), the Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale (France), the Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie (Germany), and the University of Birmingham (UK) as discussed by the authors.
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The Soft X-ray Telescope for the SOLAR-A mission
Saku Tsuneta,Loren W. Acton,Marilyn E. Bruner,James R. Lemen,W.A. Brown,R. Caravalho,R. C. Catura,Samuel L. Freeland,B. Jurcevich,M. Morrison,Y. Ogawara,T. Hirayama,J. K. Owens +12 more
TL;DR: The Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) of the SOLAR-A mission is designed to produce images of solar flares with excellent angular and time resolution as well as full-disk images for general studies.
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SOHO/EIT observations of an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection on May 12, 1997
Barbara J. Thompson,S. P. Plunkett,Joseph B. Gurman,Jeffrey Newmark,O. C. St. Cyr,D. J. Michels +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, an earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME) was observed on May 12, 1997 by the SOHO Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) and was later observed by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) as a "halo" CME: a bright expanding ring centered about the occulting disk.
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