Sox10 Expression in Goldfish Retina and Optic Nerve Head in Controls and after the Application of Two Different Lesion Paradigms.
Marta Parrilla,Fernando León-Lobera,Concepción Lillo,Rosario Arévalo,José Aijón,Juan M. Lara,Almudena Velasco +6 more
TL;DR: Modifications in Sox10+ oligodendrocytes are shown to be consistent with their role in oligodendedrocyte identity, maintenance and survival, and the optic nerve head is proposed as an excellent area for research aimed at better understanding of de- and remyelination processes.
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Abstract: The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is unable to regenerate. In contrast, the CNS of fish, including the visual system, is able to regenerate after damage. Moreover, the fish visual system grows continuously throughout the life of the animal, and it is therefore an excellent model to analyze processes of myelination and re-myelination after an injury. Here we analyze Sox10+ oligodendrocytes in the goldfish retina and optic nerve in controls and after two kinds of injuries: cryolesion of the peripheral growing zone and crushing of the optic nerve. We also analyze changes in a major component of myelin, myelin basic protein (MBP), as a marker for myelinated axons. Our results show that Sox10+ oligodendrocytes are located in the retinal nerve fiber layer and along the whole length of the optic nerve. MBP was found to occupy a similar location, although its loose appearance in the retina differed from the highly organized MBP+ axon bundles in the optic nerve. After optic nerve crushing, the number of Sox10+ cells decreased in the crushed area and in the optic nerve head. Consistent with this, myelination was highly reduced in both areas. In contrast, after cryolesion we did not find changes in the Sox10+ population, although we did detect some MBP- degenerating areas. We show that these modifications in Sox10+ oligodendrocytes are consistent with their role in oligodendrocyte identity, maintenance and survival, and we propose the optic nerve head as an excellent area for research aimed at better understanding of de- and remyelination processes.
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References
Terminal differentiation of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes depends on the transcription factor Sox10
C. Claus Stolt,Stephan Rehberg,Marius Ader,Petra Lommes,Dieter Riethmacher,Melitta Schachner,Udo Bartsch,Michael Wegner +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that Sox10 is restricted in the central nervous system to myelin-forming oligodendroglia, but does not control erbB3 expression as in peripheral glia, and functions in peripheral and central glia at different stages and through different mechanisms.
Myelin basic protein: a multifunctional protein
Joan M. Boggs,Joan M. Boggs +1 more
TL;DR: This work has shown that extracellular signals received by myelin or cultured oligodendrocytes cause changes in phosphorylation of MBP, suggesting that MBP is also involved in signaling.
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From stem cells to neurons and glia: a Soxist's view of neural development.
Michael Wegner,C. Claus Stolt +1 more
TL;DR: Transcription factors of the Sox family provide important clues about the control of the intrinsic factors that regulate stem-cell maintenance, decide whether neurons or glia are generated, or control terminal differentiation during nervous system development.
462
Differentiation and death of premyelinating oligodendrocytes in developing rodent brain.
TL;DR: Observations support the hypothesis that axonal influences affect oligodendrocyte survival, differentiation, and expression of proteolipid protein gene products.
Focal Ventricular Origin and Migration of Oligodendrocyte Precursors into the Chick Optic Nerve
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the chick optic nerve is populated by oligodendrocyte precursors, which initially appeared in a focal region at the ventral midline of the third ventricle at stage 26-27 and became uniformly distributed by stage 35.
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