This report is an update to previous ''smart gun'' work and the corresponding report that were completed in 1996. It incorporates some new terminology and expanded definitions. This effort is the product of an open source look at what has happened to the ''smart gun'' technology landscape since the 1996 report was published.

The verification performance of a biometric recognition system based on grip patterns, as part of a smart gun for use by the police ocers, has been investigated. The biometric features are extracted from a two-dimensional pattern of the pressure, exerted on the grip of a gun by the hand of a person holding it. Such a grip-pattern verication system is interesting, particularly because it is well personalized. For this application a very low false-rejection rate is required, rendering it highly unlikely that the rightful user is not able to fire the gun. We have set the false-rejection rate for verification as below 10E-04, the official requirement of the failure probability of a police gun in the Netherlands. Under this precondition, the false-acceptance rate has to be minimized.

/pdf/grip-pattern-recognition-applied-to-a-smart-gun-47wep76jg9.pdf

Grip-pattern recognition: applied to a smart gun

Existing studies focusing on "smart" guns, weapons that can only be fired by an authorized user, have focused largely on overall views towards the topic. Little is known about how views differ within key demographics or why Americans feel positively or negatively towards smart guns. This study used data from a nationwide web survey of 520 college students to address these concerns. Multinomial regression was used to identify patterns of smart gun preference in quantitative data. Respondents' open-ended reasoning for their views was examined through common themes and descriptive statistics. About half of the sample preferred smart guns over traditional firearms, with support more likely among females and liberals. Those with more advanced academic standing were more likely to have a traditional gun preference. The sample did not rank cost as a significant concern. Child protection was a much less prominent theme than concerns over (un)authorized users.

College Student Attitudes Towards "Smart" Guns: Results from a Nationwide Survey.

Building a user interface for computer-based procedures poses some challenges and trade-offs, but the benefits are worth it.

The Paperless Shop Floor

/pdf/smart-gun-technology-update-1pd2os2dlv.pdf

''Smart Gun'' Technology Update

This report is an update to previous “smart gun” work and the corresponding report that were completed in 1996. It incorporates some new terminology and expanded definitions. Sandia National Laboratories 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Thanks go out to all of people who supplied the information to make this report possible. Special thanks go to Wendy Howe, at the National Institute of Justice Office of Science and Technology for sponsoring this work and providing information and insight into the “smart gun” technology realm.

A smart gun technology system consists of an interdependent group of keys, discriminators, and latches integrated with a firearm.

A smart gun technology system must have a unique identifier that can be associated with a user.

A smart gun technology system must have a means to discriminate between keys.

SCOPE

The weight that the smart gun technology adds to the firearm should be less than 3.5 ounces.

The size that the smart gun technology adds to the firearm should be less than 2 cubic inches.

The ‘addition of the smart gun technology should not change the firearms balance so that the use of the firearm is affected.

The change in the firearm’s shape should not affect its use in existing holsters.

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The technology used should not need an electrical power source.

If a power source must be used it must meet the following power requirements.

The target value for the life of the power source is a replacement interval of greater than 12 months or 1000 recognition attempts by a user, whichever comes first.

A low power indicator must be available to indicate that the power source should be replaced.

At 10 hours after the low power indicator first alerts the need for power source replacement the firearm must be able to fire 3 full magazines.

POWER

The smart gun technology should not require any actions to activate or deactivate.

The system must detect when a new user is attempting to use the firearm.

The smart gun technology must be able to be operated with one hand.

The time for the smart gun technology to attempt to identify the user and disable the firearm must be less than .250 seconds.

The smart gun technology must not be able to cause the firearm to fire in and of itself.

OPERATION

The key must be stable and non-changing for a known period of time.

The key must be controlled in such a manner that no two users would inadvertently have like keys.

The key must communicate with the discriminator.

The size of the external device may vary depending on the intended carrying locations.

The external device must meet same standards as smart gun technology.

The discriminator must be able to identify and differentiate between multiple keys.

The memory required by the discriminator to store a user’s unique characteristic should be minimized.

The number of different users that should be able to operate a particular firearm should be greater than 50.

The discriminator must be able to activate the latch.

The false acceptance rate (FAR) should be less than 5%.

DISCRIMINATOR

The latch must be able to lock or unlock the firing state of the firearm.

The latch is activated by the discriminator.

The implementation of a latching mechanism to lock the firearm for an unauthorized user should not affect the trigger pull level during normal use by the authorized user.

The material strength of the latch must withstand the stresses of both normal and credible abnormal circumstances.

LATCH

A feedback indicator should be present to show whether the firearm (the latch, not the discriminator) is enabled or disabled.

Any indication should be obtained with minimal actions from the user.

Any indicator should not distract the user’s attention from their duties.

Any indicator should not be easily noticed by others.

INDICATORS

Instructions of proper use must be available.

The amount of specialized ancillary equipment should be minimized.

The number of special procedures should be minimized.

DOCUMENTATION

The smart gun technology should not contain material that contains known carcinogens.

The smart gun technology should not emit known harmful emissions.

SAFETY

The smart gun technology system must meet the existing applicable NIJ standards.

The smart gun technology system must meet the existing applicable SAMMI standards.

OTHER STANDARDS

The time for an adversary to defeat the smart gun technology system after being taken from an officer should be greater than 1 minute.

The smart gun technology system should not be defeated with tools readily available.

An adversary must not be able to overcome the smart gun technology system in a manner that would make the firearm non-functional to the user.

ADVERSARIAL STRENGTH

The training on normal operation of a smart gun technology system should be less than 1 hour.

Specialized training on smart gun technology system covering topics such as diagnostics and repair should be less than 4 hours.

TRAINING

The smart gun technology system should be made up of modular parts.

The smart gun technology system should be tested with normal electrical bench-top equipment.

Modular parts should have features for easy alignment during assembly, testing, and replacement.

The required routine maintenance of the smart gun technology system should require less than 1 hour per year.

Routine maintenance of a smart gun technology system must not degrade the system performance.

MAINTENANCE

The mechanical layout of the smart gun technology system should be standardized for potential upgrade capabilities.

The electrical interface of the smart gun technology system should be standardized for potential upgrade capabilities.

The information protocol of the smart gun technology system should be standardized for potential upgrade capabilities, and compatibility between different brands of firearms.

INTERFACE

The incremental cost of a smart gun technology system should be less than $60.

The total cost of maintaining a smart gun technology system should cost less than $5 per year.

The total miscellaneous cost associated with a smart gun technology system should cost less than $5 per year.

COST

The smart gun technology system must be trial field tested in actual use conditions.

The smart gun technology system must be analyzed for failure modes and the effects of failures before fielding the system.

TESTING

The smart gun technology system must operate independently of the amount of ambient light.

The following paragraphs will discuss some considerations for the feasibility of “smart guns” in the context of these civilian scenarios.

There are several considerations that are relevant to this scenario.

Selflocking guns will provide more transparency and will prevent a distracted individual from forgetting to activate the lock.

So, the likelihood of drawing the gun or someone attempting a weapon takeaway appears to be much less for a civilian than a law enforcement officer.

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''Smart Gun'' Technology Update

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Grip-pattern recognition: applied to a smart gun

College Student Attitudes Towards "Smart" Guns: Results from a Nationwide Survey.

The Paperless Shop Floor

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