Sleep‐Wake Disorders

TL;DR: Sleep-wake disorders, particularly insomnia, have gained significant knowledge and advancements. Insomnia is characterized by chronic dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality, accompanied by problems in getting to sleep, maintaining sleep, or early awakening.

Abstract: Great advances in knowledge have also been made relating to the nature and treatment of sleep disorders. Moreover, sleep disturbance is a characteristic of psychiatric disorders and can play a critical role in the maintenance of several disorders. This chapter focuses on insomnia, as it is the most common sleep disorder. Insomnia is a chronic difficulty that involves a predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality, accompanied by problems in getting to sleep, maintaining sleep, or early awakening with an inability to return to sleep. The chapter describes the symptoms of insomnia. Then, it discusses several insomnia case examples, the history of insomnia, and the epidemiology of insomnia. The chapter also discusses an influential overarching framework, the Spielman model. It then moves on to describe a sample of the behavioral, cognitive, hyperarousal, neurocognitive, and hybrid models of insomnia.