Skin pH: from basic science to basic skin care.
Saba M. Ali,Gil Yosipovitch +1 more
TL;DR: Recent basic science investigations into skin pH are reviewed, skin disorders characterized by aberrant pH are discussed, and practical application for preservation of the acid mantle is discussed.
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Abstract: The "acid mantle" is a topic not only of historical interest, but also of clinical significance and has recently been linked to vital stratum corneum function. Despite compelling basic science evidence placing skin pH as a key factor in barrier homeostasis, stratum corneum integrity, and antimicrobial defense, application of the acid mantle concept in clinical care is lacking. We review recent basic science investigations into skin pH, discuss skin disorders characterized by aberrant pH, and finally discuss practical application for preservation of the acid mantle. Recognizing factors that alter skin pH and selecting products that preserve the acid mantle is of prime importance in treating dermatologic patients.
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Proteinase-Activated Receptor-2 Mediates Itch: A Novel Pathway for Pruritus in Human Skin
Martin Steinhoff,Ulrich Neisius,Akihiko Ikoma,Manigé Fartasch,G. Heyer,Per S. Skov,Thomas A. Luger,Martin Schmelz +7 more
TL;DR: Enhanced PAR-2 signaling is identified as a new link between inflammatory and sensory phenomena in atopic dermatitis patients and represents a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation and pruritus.
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pH directly regulates epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis, and stratum corneum integrity/cohesion.
Jean-Pierre Hachem,Debra Crumrine,Joachim W. Fluhr,Joachim W. Fluhr,Barbara E. Brown,Kenneth R. Feingold,Kenneth R. Feingold,Peter M. Elias,Peter M. Elias +8 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated unequivocally that stratum corneum neutralization alone provokes stratumCorneum functional abnormalities, including aberrant permeability barrier homeostasis and decreased stratum Corneum integrity/cohesion, as well as the mechanisms responsible for these abnormalities.
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The soap chamber test: A new method for assessing the irritancy of soaps
TL;DR: The chamber test for assessing the irritancy of soaps entails five weekday exposures to 8% solutions with readings of scaling, redness, and fissuring on the following Monday.
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Generation of free fatty acids from phospholipids regulates stratum corneum acidification and integrity.
Joachim W. Fluhr,Jack Kao,Mahendra Kumar Jain,Sung Ku Ahn,Kenneth R. Feingold,Peter M. Elias +5 more
TL;DR: The importance of phospholipid-to-free-fatty-acid processing for normal stratum corneum acidification is demonstrated and the potentially important role of this pathway not only for barrier homeostasis but also for the dual functions of stratum Corneum integrity and cohesion is demonstrated.
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