Simple autofocusing method by image processing using transmission images for large-scale two-photon lithography.
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TL;DR: A simple autofocusing technique that can be introduced into conventional two-photon lithography systems without additional devices is proposed and mass-fabrication of a 5 × 5 spiral square array with an area of 900 × 900 µm2 is demonstrated.
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Abstract: We propose a simple autofocusing technique that can be introduced into conventional two-photon lithography systems without additional devices. Autofocusing is achieved by image processing using transmission images of photopolymerized voxels. The signal-to-noise ratio of transmission images was improved by optimal low-pass filtering to detect voxels in them. The focal point was detected with an accuracy of about 250 nm from the difference images. Further, we demonstrated mass-fabrication of a 5 × 5 spiral square array with an area of 900 × 900 µm2 using this method. The method has potential application in constructing low-cost, compact and versatile two-photon lithography apparatus.
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A review on stereolithography and its applications in biomedical engineering
Ferry P.W. Melchels,Jan Feijen,Dirk W. Grijpma,Dirk W. Grijpma +3 more
- 01 Aug 2010
TL;DR: Stereolithography is a solid freeform technique (SFF) that was introduced in the late 1980s as discussed by the authors, which has the highest fabrication accuracy and an increasing number of materials that can be processed is becoming available.
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Two decades of two-photon lithography: Materials science perspective for additive manufacturing of 2D/3D nano-microstructures.
Arun Jaiswal,Chandresh Kumar Rastogi,Sweta Rani,Gaurav Pratap Singh,Sumit Saxena,Shobha Shukla +5 more
Abstract: Two-photon lithography (TPL) is a versatile technology for additive manufacturing of 2D and 3D micro/nanostructures with sub-wavelength resolved features. Recent advancement in laser technology has enabled the application of TPL fabricated structures in several fields such as microelectronics, photonics, optoelectronics, microfluidics, and plasmonic devices. However, the lack of two-photon polymerizable resins (TPPRs) induces bottleneck to the growth of TPL to its true potential, and hence continuous research efforts are focused on developing efficient TPPRs. In this article, we review the recent advancements in PI and TPPR formulation and the impact of process parameters on fabrication of 2D and 3D structures for specific applications. The fundamentals of TPL are described, followed by techniques used for achieving improved resolution and functional micro/nanostructures. Finally, a critical outlook and future prospects of TPPR formulation for specific applications are presented.
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Multi-material microstereolithography using a palette with multicolor photocurable resins
TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-material microstereolithography system in which multiple photocurable resins are stored on a single glass palette was developed to produce multicolor three-dimensional (3D) models.
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A novel deep LeNet-5 convolutional neural network model for image recognition
TL;DR: A novel deep LeNet-5 convolutional neural network model for image recognition is proposed on the basis of Lenet-5 model with the guaranteed recognition rate, the network structure is simplified and the training speed is improved.
Multifunctional 3D Printing of Heterogeneous Polymer Structures by Laser-Scanning Micro-Stereolithography Using Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization
Taiki Maruyama,Masaru Mukai,Ryota Sato,Motoyuki Iijima,Mitsuki Sato,Taichi Furukawa,Shoji Maruo +6 more
TL;DR: In this article , a photoinduced macro-reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (macro-RAFT) agent and a monomer at different scanning speeds of an ultraviolet laser beam using a laboratory-constructed laser-scanning micro-stereolithography system based on a bottom-up configuration in a fully open-to-air system.
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References
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TL;DR: The state-of-the-art of additive manufacturing (AM) can be classified into three categories: direct digital manufacturing, free-form fabrication, or 3D printing as discussed by the authors.
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Finer features for functional microdevices
TL;DR: Micromachines can be created with higher resolution using two-photon absorption, and the results can be higher resolution than previously reported using single photon absorption techniques.
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A review on stereolithography and its applications in biomedical engineering
TL;DR: Stereolithography is a solid freeform technique (SFF) that was introduced in the late 1980s as mentioned in this paper, and it has been widely used in biomedical applications, as well as the biodegradable resin materials developed for use with stereolithography.
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TL;DR: The usefulness of the proposed method for three-dimensional microfabrication with photopolymerization stimulated by two-photon absorption with a pulsed infrared laser has been verified by fabrication of several kinds of microstructure by use of a resin consisting of photoinitiators, urethane acrylate monomers, and urethanacrylate oligomers.
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