Scatter-hoarding corvids as seed dispersers for oaks and pines: A review of a widely distributed mutualism and its utility to habitat restoration
Mario B. Pesendorfer,Mario B. Pesendorfer,Mario B. Pesendorfer,T. Scott Sillett,Walter D. Koenig,Scott A. Morrison +5 more
TL;DR: This work synthesizes the quantitative literature on the interaction between members of the avian family Corvidae and nut-bearing trees and investigates how the birds' scatter-hoarding behavior can be facilitated for the restoration of oak- and pine-dominated habitats.
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Abstract: Seed dispersal mutualisms with scatter-hoarders play a crucial role in population dynamics of temperate large-seeded trees. These behaviors shape seed dispersal patterns, which can be applied to conservation of populations, communities, and even ecosystems dominated by large-seeded trees. We draw on a growing body of literature to describe the ecological context and consequences of scatter-hoarding as a seed dispersal mechanism. We synthesize the quantitative literature on the interaction between members of the avian family Corvidae (crows, ravens, jays, magpies, and nutcrackers) and nut-bearing trees such as pines (Pinus spp.) and oaks (Quercus spp.) to examine unique aspects of avian scatter-hoarders as seed dispersers. During the scatter-hoarding process, seed selectivity, transportation distance, hoarding frequency, and cache placement affect seed dispersal effectiveness, a measure of the quantity and quality of dispersal. Case studies from around the world highlight the role of corvid seed d...
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Spatial patterns of ponderosa pine regeneration in high-severity burn patches.
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