Book Chapter10.1007/978-1-4612-4018-1_31
Scale and Biodiversity Policy: A Hierarchical Approach
Bryan G. Norton,Robert E. Ulanowicz +1 more
- 01 Jan 1994
- pp 424-434
TL;DR: In the United States, the Endangered Species Act emphasizes protection of species as mentioned in this paper. But this emphasis has led to the question: Since approximately 99% of all species that have existed on earth are now extinct, how can it be so urgent that we reduce anthropogenic species extinctions?
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Abstract: There exists a broad consensus supporting the protection of biological diversity; but the exact meaning of this consensus for policy is not clear. In the United States, for example, the Endangered Species Act emphasizes protection of species. But this emphasis has led to the question: Since approximately 99% of all species that have existed on earth are now extinct, how can it be so urgent that we reduce anthropogenic species extinctions? The standard answer to this question — that extinction itself is not bad, but rather that the accelerated rate and broadened scale of extinctions is unacceptable — likewise raises more questions than answers. One might ask, what would be an “acceptable” rate of extinctions? If species are not sacrosact, what then is the proper target of protection?
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The concept of scale and the human dimensions of global change: a survey
TL;DR: A recent survey as discussed by the authors presents the fundamentals of scale, examines four general scaling issues typical of social science, and explores how different social science disciplines have used scale in their research, especially as they relate to the human dimensions of global environmental change.
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Where are Cultural and Social in Ecosystem Services? A Framework for Constructive Engagement
Kai M. A. Chan,Anne D. Guerry,Patricia Balvanera,Sarah C. Klain,Terre Satterfield,Xavier Basurto,Ann Bostrom,Ratana Chuenpagdee,Rachelle K. Gould,Benjamin S. Halpern,Neil Hannahs,Jordan Levine,Bryan G. Norton,Mary Ruckelshaus,Roly Russell,Jordan Tam,Ulalia Woodside +16 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors develop a framework for ecosystem services research and practice, addressing three challenges: (1) non-material values are ill suited to characterization using monetary methods; (2) it is difficult to unequivocally link particular changes in socioecological systems to cultural benefits; and (3) cultural benefits are associated with many services, not just cultural ES.
1K
Hard choices: Making trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and human well-being
Thomas O. McShane,Paul Hirsch,Tran Trung,Alexander N. Songorwa,Ann P. Kinzig,Bruno Monteferri,David R. Mutekanga,Hoang Van Thang,Juan Luis Dammert,Manuel Pulgar-Vidal,Meredith Welch-Devine,J. Peter Brosius,Peter Coppolillo,Sheila O’Connor +13 more
TL;DR: The background and limitations of win–win approaches to conservation and human well-being are explored, the prospect of approaching conservation challenges in terms of trade-offs and hard choices are discussed, and a set of guiding principles are presented that can serve to orient strategic analysis and communication regardingTrade-offs.
932
Simplifying complexity: a review of complexity theory
TL;DR: Complexity theory has captured the attention of the scientific community to the extent where its proponents tout it as a dominant scientific trend as mentioned in this paper, and Geographers, and environmental, human, and regional planners have applied complexity theory to topics ranging from cultural transmission and economic growth to the braiding of rivers.
876
Economic valuation of biodiversity: sense or nonsense?
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the notion and application of economic, monetary valuation of biological diversity, or biodiversity for this purpose four levels of diversity are considered: genes, species, ecosystems and functions.
538
References
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TL;DR: This edition offers a new preface by Quine's student and colleague Dagfinn Follesdal that describes the never-realized plans for a second edition of Word and Object, in which Quine would offer a more unified treatment of the public nature of meaning, modalities, and propositional attitudes.
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Order out of chaos : man's new dialogue with nature.
Ilya Prigogine,Isabelle Stengers +1 more
- 01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: Ilya Prigogine, winner of the Nobel Prize in 1977 for his work on the thermodynamics of non-equilibrium systems, makes his ideas accessible to a wide audience in this book, which has engendered massive debate in Europe and America as discussed by the authors.
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•Book
Hierarchy: Perspectives for Ecological Complexity
Timothy F. H. Allen,Thomas B. Starr +1 more
- 01 Jul 1982
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Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management
Robert Costanza,Bryan G. Norton,Benjamin D. Haskell +2 more
- 01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: Ecosystem Health brings together leading ecologists, philosophers, and economists to analyze the issues surrounding the concept of health as it relates to ecosystems as mentioned in this paper, both theoretical and practical aspects of what constitutes a healthy ecosystem are examined.
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