Journal Article10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.19
Salt diapirism with simultaneous brittle faulting and viscous flow
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TL;DR: This paper showed that buoyant diapirs can deform sedimentary rocks above a salt diapir in either a brittle or a viscous way depending on the stress state and strain rates.
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Abstract: Abstract In this paper we show for the first time how sedimentary rocks above a salt diapir can deform in either a brittle or a viscous way depending on the stress state and strain rates. Most existing models for salt tectonics incorporate only one or other of these deformation mechanisms resulting in different conclusions. Taking as an example the controversial problem of buoyant salt diapirism, we demonstrate how diapirs can grow in an overburden which may deform by both creep and faulting. We argue that salt movement can take place under low differential stresses because sediments may deform by pressure-solution creep. These zones of diffuse deformation co-exist with faults where differential stresses are high enough to reach the yield limit at which sediments fail. We demonstrate two conditions under which buoyant diapirs can cause substantial faulting in their overburden without the application of tectonic forces. Buoyant diapirs can fault overburdens with high viscosity contrast (μoverburden/μsalt > 102) if the topographic relief they induce in the surface is removed by rapid erosion.
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Citations
Factors that control the angle of shear bands in geodynamic numerical models of brittle deformation
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed numerical simulations of shear localization around an inclusion of a given length scale and found that the main factor, controlling shear band angle, is the non-dimensional ratio between the length scale of the heterogeneity d and the size of the numerical mesh Δx.
162
Lower continental crust formation through focused flow in km-scale melt conduits: The zoned ultramafic bodies of the Chilas Complex in the Kohistan island arc (NW Pakistan)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a mechanism for the comagmatic emplacement, where km-scale ultramafic bodies represent continuous channels reaching down into the upper mantle and the melt-filled porosity in these melt channels diminishes the mean-depth-integrated density difference to the surrounding rocks.
141
Viscosity estimates of salt in the Hormuz and Namakdan salt diapirs, Persian Gulf
TL;DR: The parabolic surface profiles of the Hormuz and Namakdan salt diapirs in the Persian Gulf suggest that they have been extruding with Newtonian viscous rheologies for the last 104 years.
122
Detachment folding, fold amplification, and diapirism in thrust wedge experiments
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between detachment folding, fold amplification, and salt diapirism in contractional settings has been investigated by means of scaled analogue models, and a quantitative comparison of model results with nature has been attempted by plotting salt-based fold-and-thrust belts data points on the scaled transition curves obtained from the modeling.
103
Implications of passive salt diapir kinematics for reservoir segmentation by radial and concentric faults
TL;DR: In this article, a structural model for salt diapirs is proposed based on integration of fault kinematics, published studies and seismic examples, which can assist seismic interpretation and structural model building in areas of poor geophysical imaging.
103
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Neville James Price,John W. Cosgrove +1 more
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The kinetics of rock deformation by pressure solution
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple model for rock deformation by pressure solution, assuming grain boundary diffusive mass transfer to be deformation rate controlling, is presented, which leads to a constitutive flow law which is of the same form as that for Coble creep.
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Robert S. Carmichael
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The fall of diapirs during thin-skinned extension
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed that many half-grabens above diapirs form by regional thin-skinned extension, which is supported by dynamic scaled physical modelling, theoretical reasoning and observations from seismic sections.
683