1. What are the contributions mentioned in the paper "Rpc ageing studies" ?
A 15-month ageing test of an ATLAS module `` 0 '' RPC has been performed at the GIF X5 CERN irradiation facility this paper.
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RPC ageing studies
Giulio Aielli,Paolo Camarri,Roberto Cardarelli,R de Asmundis,A. Di Ciaccio,L. Di Stante,Barbara Liberti,A. Paoloni,E. Pastori,R. Santonico +9 more
TL;DR: A 15-month ageing test of an ATLAS module "0" RPC has been performed at the GIF X5 CERN irradiation facility as discussed by the authors, which showed a significant reduction of the RPC maximum rate capability, from almost 2 kHz cm −2 to a few hundred Hz cm−2, due to the total charge integrated during the test.
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Abstract: A 15-month ageing test of an ATLAS module “0” RPC has been performed at the GIF X5 CERN irradiation facility. The aged RPC performances largely fulfilled the ATLAS requirements. However, the test showed a significant reduction of the RPC maximum rate capability, from almost 2 kHz cm −2 to a few hundred Hz cm −2 , due to the total charge integrated during the test. The reasons for this ageing phenomenon are found to be related to an increase of the total electrode plates resistance as it was already pointed out in previous tests on smaller prototypes. This is found to be not only due to a possible increase of the plate resistivity but mainly to a degradation of the graphite coating.
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Figures
Fig. 3. Total operating current vs. applied voltage at 12 AY: 
Fig. 2. Efficiency vs. applied voltage at 12 AY: 
Fig. 5. Plate resistance vs. ageing measured in AY. 
Fig. 6. Plate resistivity vs. integrated charge for the old and the new graphite. 
Fig. 1. Efficiency vs. applied voltage at 3 AY: 
Fig. 4. Efficiency vs. Vgas at 12 AY:
Citations
Fluoride production in RPCs operated with F-compound gases
Giulio Aielli,Paolo Camarri,Roberto Cardarelli,A. Di Ciaccio,A. Di Simone,Barbara Liberti,L. Palummo,R. Santonico +7 more
- 01 Aug 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the F− production rate as a function of the detector counting rate and the working point (both in streamer and avalanche mode) and extensively investigated the ratio between the F − production associated to a the time integral of the working current.
31
Determination of the total absorption peak in an electromagnetic calorimeter
TL;DR: In this article, a physically motivated function was developed to accurately determine the total absorption peak in an electromagnetic calorimeter and to overcome biases present in many commonly used methods, such as the Crystal Ball function.
28
Further advances in aging studies for RPCs
Giulio Aielli,Paolo Camarri,Roberto Cardarelli,A. Di Ciaccio,L. Di Stante,Barbara Liberti,A. Paoloni,E. Pastori,R. Santonico +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation of the anodic graphite coating, which distributes the electric field on the bakelite electrode, has been investigated in the framework of the ATLAS experiment.
Performance of the ATLAS RPC detector and Level-1 muon barrel trigger at √(s)=13 TeV
Georges Aad,Torsten Paul Ake Åkesson,Eric Edward Corrigan,Caterina Doglioni,Jannik Geisen,Eva Hansen,Vincent Hedberg,Göran Jarlskog,Balazs Konya,Else Lytken,Katja Hannele Mankinen,Caterina Marcon,Ulf Mjörnmark,Geoffrey Mullier,Ruth Pottgen,Trine Poulsen,Eleni Skorda,Oxana Smirnova,Lukasz Zwalinski +18 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of the resistive-plate chambers (RPCs) and L1 muon barrel trigger using 60.8 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment in 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV.
Update in particle identification
O. Ullalanda
- 01 Sep 2003
TL;DR: The main emphasis in particle identification during the last years has been on the perfection of the techniques and to include, from the conceptual design of the hardware, the need of the ofiiine algorithms and the calibration systems.
10
References
Streamer suppression with SF6 in RPCs operated in avalanche mode
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the addition of small amounts of sulphur hexafluoride, SF 6, to the present ATLAS baseline gas mixture C 2 H 2 F 4 /C 4 H 10 has a very strong effect in suppressing the avalanche-to-streamer transition.
A facility for the test of large area muon chambers at high rates
Sezione di Bari
- 01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, a dedicated test zone built at CERN to test the performance and the aging of the muon chambers currently under development is described, where a radioactive source delivers photons causing the sustained rate of random hits, while a narrow beam of high energy muons is used to directly calibrate the detector performance.
Performance of a large-size RPC equipped with the final ATLAS front end electronics at X5-GIF irradiation facility
Giulio Aielli,Paolo Camarri,Roberto Cardarelli,V. Chiostri,R. de Asmundis,A. Di Ciaccio,L. Di Stante,V Koreshev,Barbara Liberti,A. Paoloni,E. Pastori,R. Perrino,R. Santonico,V. G. Zaets +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present results on efficiency and time resolution of a large resistive plate chamber prototype, equipped with the final ATLAS front-end electronics, at the Gamma Irradiation Facility installed on the X5 beam of the CERN.
A Facility for the test of Large-Area Muon Chambers at High Rates
Stefano Agosteo,Saverio Altieri,G. Belli,A Bonifas,V Carabelli,L. Gatignon,N.P. Hessey,Marcello Maggi,J.-P Peigneux,Hans Reithler,Marco Silari,Paolo Vitulo,M. Wegner +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, a dedicated test zone built at CERN to test the performance and the aging of the muon chambers currently under development is described, where a radioactive source delivers photons causing the sustained rate of random hits, while a narrow beam of high-energy muons is used to directly calibrate the detector performance.