Rituximab and its therapeutic potential in catastrophic antiphospolipid syndrome.
TL;DR: In this review, the rationale for using rituximab in CAPS is discussed and new therapies such as ritUXimab may be a treatment option.
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Abstract: The catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is characterized by thrombosis in more than three organs or systems developing over a short period of time. Despite conventional treatment with a combination of anticoagulation plus corticosteroids plus plasma exchange, and/or intravenous immunoglobulin, mortality remains high and some patients suffer from recurrent CAPS episodes. In selected patients, new therapies such as rituximab may be a treatment option. In this review, the rationale for using rituximab in CAPS is discussed.
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Emerging Therapies in Antiphospholipid Syndrome
TL;DR: Information is summarized on the role of new potential treatment approaches including new oral anticoagulants and immunoregulatory agents: direct thrombin or factor Xa inhibitors, hydroxychloroquine, statins, B cell inhibition, complement inhibition, peptide therapy, nuclear factor κB and p38 mitogen-activated kinase inhibitors, defibrotide, abciximab, mTOR inhibitor, and other potential targets.
39
Effect of belimumab treatment on antiphospholipid antibody levels: post-hoc analysis based on two randomised placebo-controlled trials in systemic lupus erythematosus
TL;DR: Assessment of the effect of belimumab 10 mg/kg versus placebo on aPL titres using pooled data from two large randomised SLE-controlled trials found no available data on antiβ2GPI antibodies and lupus anticoagulant.
28
Recognition and management of antiphospholipid syndrome
TL;DR: Warfarin, heparin, and/or antiplatelet drugs are the standard of care for aPL-positive patients and novel approaches that target new coagulation and immunomodulatory pathways are needed to determine the effectiveness of these novel approaches.
24
Update on Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Ten Topics in 2017.
TL;DR: New findings on long-standing APS, regarding survival, comorbidities, and evolution in other autoimmune conditions, have become available, including new insights into aPL as potential risk factors for damage accrual in SLE and potential implications on neuropsychological involvement of children exposed to maternal aPL in utero.
24
Kidney disease in primary anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome.
TL;DR: The links between primary APS and kidney disease are reviewed, including ischaemic glomeruli and thrombotic lesions without glomerular or arterial immune deposits on immunofluorescence.
17
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