Reversing stem cell aging
TL;DR: Longevity factors tend to be enriched or activated in stem cells compared to their differentiated progeny and are essential for stem cell maintenance, providing further support to the stem cell theory of aging.
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Abstract: The stem cell theory of aging postulates that aging is the result of the failure of tissue specific stem cells to replenish tissues and to sustain tissue function. Stem cell functions decline with age, consistent with the degeneration and dysfunction of aging regenerative tissues. Stem cell dysfunction is associated with premature aging and evidence is emerging to suggest that stem cell manipulation can extend lifespan [1]. Longevity factors tend to be enriched or activated in stem cells compared to their differentiated progeny and are essential for stem cell maintenance [2, 3], providing further support to the stem cell theory of aging.
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Citations
The path from mitochondrial ROS to aging runs through the mitochondrial permeability transition pore
Hagai Rottenberg,Jan B. Hoek +1 more
TL;DR: The suggestion that the control of mPTP activation is critical for the progression of aging can explain the conflicting and confusing evidence regarding the beneficial and deleterious effects of mROS on health and lifespan.
227
Targeting the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore to Prevent Age-Associated Cell Damage and Neurodegeneration.
Andrew C. Kent,Andrew C. Kent,Khairat Bahgat Youssef El Baradie,Khairat Bahgat Youssef El Baradie,Mark W. Hamrick +4 more
TL;DR: The aging process is associated with significant alterations in mitochondrial function, which over time contribute to cell death, senescence, tissue degeneration, and impaired tissue repair as mentioned in this paper, as increased ROS activates mPTP opening, which further increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Centenarians Overexpress Pluripotency-Related Genes.
Marta Inglés,Cristina Mas-Bargues,Alejandro Berna-Erro,Ander Matheu,Paula Sanchis,Juan-Antonio Avellana,Consuelo Borrás,Jose Viña +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that centenarians overexpress Yamanaka Factors and other stemness-related cell surface marker genes, which may contribute to their successful aging.
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TL;DR: Deciphering the molecular mechanisms regulating adult stem cell quiescence will increase the understanding of tissue regeneration mechanisms and how they are dysregulated in pathological conditions and in ageing.
SIRT7 links H3K18 deacetylation to maintenance of oncogenic transformation
Matthew F. Barber,Eriko Michishita-Kioi,Eriko Michishita-Kioi,Eriko Michishita-Kioi,Yuanxin Xi,Luisa Tasselli,Luisa Tasselli,Mitomu Kioi,Mitomu Kioi,Zarmik Moqtaderi,Ruth I. Tennen,Silvana Paredes,Silvana Paredes,Nicolas L. Young,Kaifu Chen,Kevin Struhl,Benjamin A. Garcia,Or Gozani,Wei Li,Katrin F. Chua,Katrin F. Chua +20 more
TL;DR: It is shown that SIRT7 is an NAD+-dependent H3K18Ac (acetylated lysine 18 of histone H3) deacetylase that stabilizes the transformed state of cancer cells and demonstrates a pivotal role for Sirt7 in chromatin regulation, cellular transformation programs and tumour formation in vivo.
A mitochondrial UPR-mediated metabolic checkpoint regulates hematopoietic stem cell aging
Mary Mohrin,Jiyung Shin,Yufei Liu,Katharine Brown,Hanzhi Luo,Yannan Xi,Cole M. Haynes,Danica Chen +7 more
TL;DR: A regulatory branch of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is mediated by the interplay of SIRT7 and NRF1 and is coupled to cellular energy metabolism and proliferation, is identified.
436
SIRT3 Reverses Aging-Associated Degeneration
Katharine Brown,Stephanie Z. Xie,Xiaolei Qiu,Mary Mohrin,Jiyung Shin,Yufei Liu,Dan Zhang,David T. Scadden,Danica Chen +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that SIRT3, a mammalian sirtuin that regulates the global acetylation landscape of mitochondrial proteins and reduces oxidative stress, is highly enriched in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) where it regulates a stress response.
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Lifespan Extension by Preserving Proliferative Homeostasis in Drosophila
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that promoting proliferative homeostasis in aging metazoans is a viable strategy to extend lifespan and highlights the importance of the balance between regenerative processes and strategies to prevent hyperproliferative disorders.