Response class interference in STM
TL;DR: This paper investigated why the performance decline across a series of Brown-Peterson trials, using a constant short (30-sec) intertriai interval (ITI), is reversed by increasing the ITI on the subsequent trial.
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Abstract: In this experiment, we investigated why the performance decline across a series of Brown-Peterson trials, using a constant short (30-sec) intertriai interval (ITI), is reversed by increasing the ITI on the subsequent trial. One interpretation is that the increased time serves as a marker that emphasizes the succeeding trial and its information, resulting in better recall. In the present experiment, we increased the ITI by presenting a word matrix to be read during the added time interval. For different groups the matrix was of the same semantic material as the memory triads, was quite similar, or was quite different. The amount of improvement on the next trial was a function of the degree of semantic disparity between the matrices and the memory triads. Mere presentation of the matrix was not sufficient to influence performance on the subsequent trial, but the semantic nature of the matrices did exert such an influence.
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Citations
Working memory span and the role of proactive interference.
TL;DR: The results suggest that span is influenced by interference, that age differences in span may be due to Differences in the ability to overcome interference rather than to differences in capacity, and that interference plays an important role in the relation between span and other tasks.
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The role of interference in memory span
TL;DR: The possibility that interference-proneness may influence cognitive behaviors previously thought to be governed by capacity is considered, to suggest that PI critically influences span performance.
Age Differences in Updating Working Memory: Evidence from the Delayed-Matching-To-Sample Test
TL;DR: The Delayed Matching-to-Sample (DMTS) test was used in four experiments to test the hypothesis that older adults are less able than young to update the contents of working memory as discussed by the authors.
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References
Some tests of the decay theory of immediate memory
TL;DR: A theory of the memory span, based on this hypothesis, is put forward and shows that the effect of additional stimuli interpolated before recall remains considerable even when there is an interval of several seconds between presentation of required and additional stimuli.
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Proactive inhibition and item similarity in short-term memory
TL;DR: This article investigated the effect of proactive inhibition in short-term retention as a function of degree of similarity between the proactive items and the critical test items and found no evidence that formal similarity (same units in proactive items as in test items) produced greater interference than that obtained from proactive items lacking this formal similarity.
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