Redefining ecosystem multifunctionality.
Peter Manning,Fons van der Plas,Santiago Soliveres,Eric Allan,Fernando T. Maestre,Georgina M. Mace,Mark J. Whittingham,Markus Fischer +7 more
TL;DR: In this Perspective, the authors reconcile these views by redefining multifunctionality at two levels that will be relevant for both fundamental and applied researchers.
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Abstract: Recent years have seen a surge of interest in ecosystem multifunctionality, a concept that has developed in the largely separate fields of biodiversity-ecosystem function and land management research. Here we discuss the merit of the multifunctionality concept, the advances it has delivered, the challenges it faces and solutions to these challenges. This involves the redefinition of multifunctionality as a property that exists at two levels: ecosystem function multifunctionality and ecosystem service multifunctionality. The framework presented provides a road map for the development of multifunctionality measures that are robust, quantifiable and relevant to both fundamental ecological science and ecosystem management.
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Figures
Figure 3. An example of how levels of ecosystem-service multifunctionality depend on stakeholder preferences and how they can be compared between ecosystems subject to differing management regimes. 
Figure 4. Dependency of ecosystem service multifunctionality on the supply-benefit relationship, stakeholder preferences and conifer abundance in German forests. Dashed lines indicate non-significant slopes (p>0.05) and solid lines significant slopes (p<0.05). Note the wide range in absolute ES multifunctionality values between the different supply-benefit relationships. 
Figure 1. The quantification of EF multifunctionality in European Forests. (A) A dendrogram of ecosystem functions showing four main clusters, two related to fertility and turnover (red and green) and two related to the main stocks of energy and matter above- and belowground (blue and cyan) (B) The effect of forest region and conifer abundance on EFmultifunctionality. See Appendix S1 for details.
Citations
De novo design of protein structure and function with RFdiffusion.
Joseph L. Watson,David Juergens,N. Bennett,Brian L. Trippe,Jason Yim,Helen E. Eisenach,Woody Ahern,Andrew J. Borst,Robert J. Ragotte,Lukas F. Milles,Basile I. M. Wicky,Nikita Hanikel,S.J. Pellock,Alexis Courbet,William Sheffler,Jue Wang,Preetham Venkatesh,Isaac Sappington,Susana Vázquez Torres,Valentin De Bortoli,Emile Mathieu,Sergey Ovchinnikov,Regina Barzilay,Tommi S. Jaakkola,Frank DiMaio,Minkyung Baek,David Baker +26 more
TL;DR: Findings support that the formation of α-synuclein inclusions in the mouse forebrain precipitate neurodegenerative changes that recapitulate features of Lewy-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Multiple elements of soil biodiversity drive ecosystem functions across biomes.
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TL;DR: Evidence is provided that soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) is significantly and positively associated with multiple ecosystem functions including nutrient cycling, decomposition, plant production, and reduced potential for pathogenicity and belowground biological warfare.
Combatting global grassland degradation.
Richard D. Bardgett,James M. Bullock,Sandra Lavorel,Peter Manning,Urs Schaffner,Nick Ostle,Mathilde Chomel,Giselda Durigan,Ellen L. Fry,David W. Johnson,Jocelyn M. Lavallee,Gaëtane Le Provost,Shan Luo,Kenny Png,Mahesh Sankaran,Mahesh Sankaran,Hou Xiangyang,Huakun Zhou,Li Ma,Weibo Ren,Xiliang Li,Ding Yong,Li Yuanheng,Hongxiao Shi +23 more
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Agricultural diversification promotes multiple ecosystem services without compromising yield
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Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in naturally assembled communities
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