Rapid discrimination of Echinococcus species and strains using a polymerase chain reaction-based RFLP method.

TL;DR: Biological differences between the species and genotypes have potential to affect the transmission dynamics of the parasite, requiring modification of methods used in disease control initiatives.

TL;DR: The application of molecular tools to the characterisation of the aetiological agents of echinococcosis has revealed a series of largely host-adapted species and genotypes that are maintained in distinct cycles of transmission.

TL;DR: DNA approaches that have been used for accurate identification of genetic variants of Echinococcus granulosus are presented here as is a description of their application in molecular epidemiological surveys of cystic echinococcosis in different geographical settings and host assemblages.

TL;DR: Although some similarities were found with the previously published North American cervid strain (G8), particularly in the NDI sequence and some of the ITS-1 clones, the Finnish E. granulosus form represents a distinct, previously undescribed genotype of Echinococcus granulOSus, the Fennoscandian cervid strains (G10).

TL;DR: A new DNA polymorphism assay based on the amplification of random DNA segments with single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence is described, suggesting that these polymorphisms be called RAPD markers, after Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA.

TL;DR: Two new methods were used to establish a rapid and highly sensitive prenatal diagnostic test for sickle cell anemia, using primer-mediated enzymatic amplification of specific beta-globin target sequences in genomic DNA, resulting in the exponential increase of target DNA copies.

TL;DR: The sequence of a region of the rapidly evolving mitochondrial genome is useful as a marker of species and strain identity and as a preliminary indication of evolutionary divergence within the genus Echinococcus.

TL;DR: The nature, extent, and significance of variation particularly, below the species level, in the causative agent of hydatid disease, Echinococcus is discussed.