Rainfall Detection and Rainfall Rate Estimation Using Microwave Attenuation
Min-Seong Kim,Byung Hyuk Kwon +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used eight microwave links operating at frequencies ranging from 6 to 8 GHz and with path lengths ranging from 5.7 to 37.4 km traversing the city of Seoul, Korea are used to detect rainfall and estimate path-averaged rainfall rates.
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Abstract: Eight microwave links operating at frequencies ranging from 6 to 8 GHz and with path lengths ranging from 5.7 to 37.4 km traversing the city of Seoul, Korea are used to detect rainfall and estimate path-averaged rainfall rates. Rainfall detection using rain-induced attenuation (dB) was validated by rain detectors installed at automatic weather stations, and the results confirmed that microwave links can be used to detect rainfall with an accuracy ≥80%. The power-law R-k relationships between rain-induced specific attenuation, k (dB km−1), and the rainfall rate, R (mm h−1), were established and cross-validated by estimating the path-averaged rainfall rate. The mean bias of the path-averaged rainfall rate, as compared to the rainfall rate from ground rain gauges, was between −3 and 1 mm h−1. The improved accuracy of rainfall detection led to the improved accuracy of the path-averaged rainfall rate. Hence, it was confirmed that microwave links, used for broadcasting and media communications, can identify rainy or dry periods (rain spells or dry spells) in a way comparable to rain detectors and provide high time-resolution rainfall rates in real time.
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Citations
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Three Years of Country-Wide Rainfall Maps from Cellular Communication Networks
Remko Uijlenhoet,Aart Overeem,Hidde Leijnse,M. F. Rios Gaona +3 more
- 01 Dec 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a real-time approach to retrieve the space-time dynamics of rainfall for an entire country (The Netherlands, ∼35,500 km2), based on an unprecedented number of links (∼2,400) and a rainfall retrieval algorithm that can be applied in real time.
180
Rain event detection in commercial microwave link attenuation data using convolutional neural networks
Julius Polz,Christian Chwala,Christian Chwala,Maximilian Graf,Harald Kunstmann,Harald Kunstmann +5 more
TL;DR: It is found that CNNs are a robust and promising tool to detect rainfall-induced attenuation patterns in CML signal levels from a large CML data set covering all of Germany.
Rainfall Estimation Accuracy of a Nationwide Instantaneously Sampling Commercial Microwave Link Network: Error Dependency on Known Characteristics
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Earth-to-Earth Microwave Rain Attenuation Measurements: A Survey On the Recent Literature
Vasilis Christofilakis,Giorgos Tatsis,Spyridon K. Chronopoulos,Alexandros Sakkas,Anastasios Skrivanos,Kostas P. Peppas,Hector E. Nistazakis,Giorgos Baldoumas,Panos Kostarakis +8 more
TL;DR: A literature survey, of the last decade, on the issue of estimating rain with the use of earth-to-earth microwave signal attenuation focusing on measurements from backhaul cellular microwave links and experimental setups is presented.
27
References
The aR b relation in the calculation of rain attenuation
R. Olsen,D. Rogers,D. Hodge +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the empirical relation A = aR^{b} between the specific attenuation A and the rain rate R is used in the calculation of rain attenuation statistics.
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Path- and Area-Integrated Rainfall Measurement by Microwave Attenuation in the 1–3 cm Band
David Atlas,Carlton W. Ulbrich +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a compromise between maximum path-averaged rainfall rate sensitivity and minimum sensing errors may be achieved by the use of one-way methods between the transmitter and the receiver, with a wavelength of 1.5 to 2.0 cm.
570
Environmental Monitoring by Wireless Communication Networks
TL;DR: Here it is demonstrated how measurements of the received signal level, which are made in a cellular network, provide reliable measurements for surface rainfall.
Rainfall measurement using radio links from cellular communication networks
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the potential of radio links such as employed by commercial cellular communication companies to monitor path-averaged rainfall and showed that such links are potentially a valuable addition to existing methods of rainfall estimation, provided the uncertainties related to the reference signal level, signal level resolution, wet antenna attenuation, and temporal sampling can be resolved.
284
Country-wide rainfall maps from cellular communication networks
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a real-time approach to retrieve the space-time dynamics of rainfall for an entire country (The Netherlands, ∼35,500 km2), based on an unprecedented number of links (∼2,400) and a rainfall retrieval algorithm that can be applied in real time.