This paper explores the cultural and organisational dimensions of academic life that lay the foundations for academic freedom. We briefly review the relationship between university autonomy and academic freedom, the relationship between ethics and freedom and the impact of increased commercialisation on scholarly independence, particularly how the increasing casual- ization of employment limits the freedom of academics to teach critically and publish freely. We examine the geopolitics of knowledge and how the hegemony of Western thinking frames domi- nant epistemologies and imposes constraints on academic freedom. We also explore the ways in which Cartesian rationalism underpins contemporary understanding of what constitutes valid knowledge, and how this can and does act as a constraint in what we come to know and study, not least in terms of values but also in terms of how caring (affective) relations impact research and teaching. Our paper highlights the silenced doxa in the organisation of the academy, including the impact of care-lessness on women and primary care givers in particular. We examine the social class biases in how higher education is organised, and how class exclusions are themselves con- straints on being an academic or a student in a university. Finally, the paper illustrates the impor- tance of distinguishing between the institutional autonomy of the university, the personal and pro- fessional freedoms of individual academics, and each of these from subject autonomy, namely the freedom of scholars to create and maintain new disciplinary fields, especially fields of scholarship that are critical and challenging of prevailing academic orthodoxies.

/pdf/academic-freedom-and-the-commercialisation-of-universities-a-351obad2rp.pdf

Academic freedom and the commercialisation of universities: a critical ethical analysis

How to Reform the EU and the EMU: Broad Outlines

The Preparation of the European Economic and Monetary Union

Policies and Institutions Put to the Test of the Great Recession

Asymmetries, Imbalances, Signals, and Incentives to Change

/pdf/protracted-monetary-reform-4icdwbbwux.pdf

Protracted monetary reform

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Protracted Monetary Reform T he IMF Conference in Washington ended without concrete results.

In fact, all governments agree that the period of floating exchange rates should come to an end as soon as possible.

Regarding the long-term perspectives of the international monetary system, the politicians have meanwhile developed more day-dream ideas than the theorists from their "ivory-towered" view.

This applies above all to the hopes pinned on the Special Drawing Rights: they are to replace gold as the primary reserve medium, to dethrone the dollar as key currency and thereby force the USA to a balance-of-payments discipline, to enable a non-in-flationary growth of the world economy and, finally, to cover the developing countries' capital requirements.

Recent experiences have shown, however, that fully flexible exchange rates are no solution either since most countries cannot resist the temptation to "corriger la fortune" by intervention in the market mechanism.

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Protracted monetary reform

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Academic freedom and the commercialisation of universities: a critical ethical analysis

How to Reform the EU and the EMU: Broad Outlines

The Preparation of the European Economic and Monetary Union

Policies and Institutions Put to the Test of the Great Recession

Asymmetries, Imbalances, Signals, and Incentives to Change

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